Linguistics Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Linguistics Assignment 2 - Essay Example When derivational morphemes are added to the stem it turns the element into a different grammatical category. For instance when ‘-ness’ is added at the end of the word ‘good’ it forms a new word ‘goodness’. Contrary to the derivational morpheme, an inflectional morpheme does not change the grammatical structure of the word upon adding it to the stem. However, it does indicate grammatical aspects of its function. Adding the past form to the word ‘jump’ turns it into ‘jumped’ indicating the past form (grammatical aspect) of the word. b) How important is it to teach students of English as an L2 about these categories? Critically discuss what you would and would not teach them and why. Justify your answer with examples from the classroom context. It is critical to teach students about morpheme categories but it is not vital to teach them everything. The purpose is not to cloud their minds with unnecessary details that will hinder their efforts in grasping the core concepts. The nature of English language is transforming everyday around the world. It is not wise to feed the new learners of English language rigid facts that will probably modify in the coming years. Despite the changing nature of English language, there is no denying the importance of the basics. I will teach my students about morphemes, what they are, what their usage is and most importantly make the students practice them to use it. The ultimate goal of teaching English as a second language is not to make the students appear in PhD exams in English language. They primary goal is to make them effective communicators. In the classroom, the majority of focus is on theory. Theoretical learning has its benefits but my class will be much more activity driven. I would teach my students about morphemes through activities and not by just writing it on the white board. They will be given hand-outs that will have

Ethics Article Review Essay Example for Free

Ethics Article Review Essay Ethics in accounting and financial decision-making has received increased attention due to large corporate scandals such as WorldCom and Enron in recent years. Legislation such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has attempted to make corporations more transparent to internal and external stakeholders. After analyzing the 2005 article by Richard Bernardi and Catherine LaCross, Corporate Transparency: Code of Ethics Disclosures, recommendations will be made to improve ethical foundations at the San Quentin State Prison based on the parameters outlined by Sarbanes-Oxley. In the Corporate Transparency article, the key point is made that along with changes in the accounting practices, disclosing a code of ethics to the public will ensure better internal compliance with ethical practices. Those organizations that did not publicly disclose codes of ethics were less likely to truly conform to ethical practices required in the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 was legislation enacted in response to large corporate scandals. The Act calls for public corporations to publicly disclose all financial statements, store all electronic records for five years and these rules are governed by the SEC (Spurzem, 2006). Sarbanes Oxley has impacted organizations in that accountants and financial decision makers are open to public scrutiny based on the public financial statement disclosures and IT departments must adequately create and maintain corporate archives that are cost effective and in compliance with legislation (Spurzem, 2006). Organizations have been impacted financially by having to add extra resources to maintain compliance and avoid fines. According to Bernardi and LaCross, â€Å". . . one example of a ‘best practice’ in transparency is a corporation making its code of ethics readily available for public scrutiny on its website (par 1). † Corporations increase legitimacy with openly stated code of ethics and websites are an economically feasible avenue for making a particular code available to the public. The article argues that organizations that go beyond the basic requirements of Sarbanes-Oxley and declare a universal code of ethics show that the organization is willing to ‘walk the talk’ of ethics. SEC chairman Donaldson is quoted as saying â€Å". . . going beyond mere adherence or conformity to new dictates and of Sarbanes-Oxley: responsibilities that rest at the very heart of their obligation to create a corporate culture of transparency and accountability (Bernardi, 2005, par 6). † Integrating ethics into a corporate culture is extremely effective in ensuring strong ethical compliance within organizations. At the San Quentin State Prison, ethics are important in many aspects of business including accounting, financial decisions, inmate treatment, medical care, and general work environment. There are many opportunities for unethical practices to take hold in a prison facility. Since the facility is closed off to the general public, self-monitoring is a crucial part of maintaining an ethical environment in all aspects of the prison business. San Quentin has the responsibility to use public tax dollars wisely and ethically as well as to maintain a corporate culture with high integrity. Based on the research findings by Bernardi and LaCross, the recommendation for a San Quentin State Prison public code of ethics will focus the entire prison cultural towards walking the ethical talk. All prison employees would be held individually responsible for maintaining the highest code of ethics across all job functions from accounting and financial decision-makers to medical employees. Ethics in business span larger than just accounting and financial-decision making. While these areas are extremely important, developing a code of ethics for all job functions in an organization is essential to maintaining an ethical corporate environment. At San Quentin Prison, an official code of ethics would guide the organization to best practices to ensure success. References http://searchcio.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid19_gci920030,00.html

Extending Business Hours in Australia :: Argumentative, Persuasive

In South Australia, the business hour is shorter than other places in Australia, such as Sydney and Melbourne. Some people states that the business hour is long enough to them in South Australia and extending business hour would raise social problems, such as social security and state budget. However extending business hour benefits a lot for South Australia. It can create more economic profits and is good for the whole society. The main argument against the extending business hours that is increasing trading hours will lead to many problems, such as social security and state budget. To extend shopping hour means criminal rates would rise rapidly. The reason is that people who shop at night may be threaten by the criminals and drunkards. It considers serious for people who lives far from the shopping centre and goes home by public transport at night, especially for young ladies. To solve the problems, the government of South Australia would require more police officers to keep environment safely. Moreover, the state has to pay amount of money to train and employ more police officers. There are not sufficient state budgets to support the issue. Therefore, it is not necessary to add the business hours in the South Australia. It is obvious that both community and the government would face the problems, particularly, those who live in poor areas. Nevertheless, the rising of tax from both companies and employees would be able to support the security problems. Additionally, extending business hours would create more job opportunities and people are able to earn more money from extra hours. Furthermore, it is possible for the government to develop the public facilities from the taxes. Initially, from economic point of view there some advantages will be grabbed. For instances, more job options will be available. Furthermore, there is some part-time and casual job vastly vacant. Fulltime workers will also gain more money since the payment hourly. At the same way, the stores that stay up late will also get the same chances, to earn more money, as fulltime workers. The most important considerable by extending business hours, it will open a broad chance for international investors to come to South Australia. Consequently, all the matters that have mentioned above will benefit the government by earning more taxes. As the result, it will raise up living standard and better public facilities in South Australia.

Literature Review on Lime Essay

LIME Grenada Ltd is a well established company that has been in operation since 1989 on the island of Grenada. Currently, LIME Grenada serves a customer base of over 109,000 residents, excluding the large number of visitors to its shores. This company has a significant role to play in bringing the telecommunication services to the nationals of Grenada. They are referred to as the market leader in fixed-line services and broadband services in the state of Grenada. As a result, this company has the competitive advantage of offering the widest range of broadband and fixed-line services. With one competitor namely DIGICEL, LIME Grenada operates as one of the leading providers of mobile technology and as such, facilitates an important aspect on the path towards globalisation. â€Å"Mobile communications have fundamentally changed the way in which we are able to live our lives. The way we work, the way we play, the very way in which we communicate have all changed since the advent of the mobile phone† (Cable & Wireless Communications Plc. 010). This company, competing strongly with its market challenger DIGICEL, offers a wide choice of quality, leading-edge mobile devices including the latest blackberry, Samsung galaxy and much more of the latest gadgets used in data and voice services to ensure that nationals of Grenada is on the same level with the rest of world. In terms of fixed-line services, LIME Grenada stands strong since they are the sole provider of this service which facilitates the quick and easy communication amongst nationals themselves and the rest of the world. With the provision of broadband services via fibre-optic submarine cable and satellite system, LIME Grenada proves be very valuable in the transformation of various means of conducting activities. In the education sector, LIME Grenada facilitates E-learning through the provision of internet or broadband services. Students are no longer confined to the walls of a classroom since LIME Grenada makes it possible for persons to pursue education through distant learning via the internet. Individuals are now able to access, interact and share information without the physical classroom. Importantly, this company allows easy access to a wide choice of sources of information for educational purposes to enhance learning and teaching. Added to this, is the implementation of videoconference connectivity to link campuses on the island and thus, allow access to a wider range of programmes to all individuals. This was not possible many years ago, however, with the assistance of LIME Grenada this has become a reality. The education sector is therefore transforming in this rapidly evolving digital society as Grenadians are now privileged to capture and utilize various educational opportunities. In Grenada’s domestic business sector, there is an increasing use of the internet, a key factor propelling ICT use, for conducting business transactions. In the banking sector, LIME Grenada makes available the opportunity for banking institutions to provide 24-hour online services to their customers. Persons can visit the various websites and access their accounts to conduct and view transactions. Among the many companies are Grenada Cooperative Bank, Republic Bank Grenada Ltd and First Caribbean International Bank. Furthermore, individuals and businesses can also conduct electronic commerce (e-commerce) via the internet. One such example of this is Carriasoap. com where numerous electronic, household, office and even party supplies are sold over the internet. Besides the aforementioned, LIME Grenada also provides employment opportunities in the business sector as the company endeavour to meet the needs of its market. In the not too distant future, there is high anticipation for the potential use of the broadband services provided by LIME Grenada to include E-taxation services through the Electronic Governance Regional Infrastructure Project (E-GRIP) within the country. This would comprise persons registering online and obtaining a tax identification number, taxpayers filing their monthly and annual returns online and taxpayers paying their taxes online thereby avoiding long lines. With the introduction of this system, the Inland Revenue Division will provide 24 hour online services to all taxpayers (Mitchell, Keith C. 2013). There is also the potential for development of an ICT knowledge park, the provision of WI-FI service in public buildings such as Government offices, schools, hospitals and police stations, which has already begun as stipulated by Prime Minister Dr. Keith Mitchell in his budget presentation in March of this year. With this, the importance of the telecommunication sector in Grenada is certainly visible. With proper measures in place the telecommunications sector is bound to encourage technology transfer across the globe which results in improved productivity in all sectors and increased standard of living. On the contrary, there are many hurdles that may be faced by LIME Grenada Ltd in the telecommunication sector. With globalisation, competition among mobile operators is inevitable. In Grenada, this is evident with the establishment of DIGICEL, a company offering mobile services to nationals of the country. This has ended LIME Grenada’s monopoly in that aspect and increased the potential for the penetration of other mobile service providers. Although competition amongst companies results in low costs and continuity in bridging the digital divide, LIME Grenada has to critically improve services in order to effectively compete with its rivals. This company has to look critically at the services they can offer and at the pricing strategies they can use so as to counteract the hindrances or threats that new competitors present. They have to effectively monitor their competitor’s strategies and develop many ways to counteract their plans and tactics to gain customers. Another hurdle that LIME Grenada may be faced with is the ability to speedily obtain updated technological and communication infrastructure and to modify operations. As with many other developing countries in the Caribbean region, lack of resources, particularly financial and qualified human resources, may also significantly hamper their development process. The telecommunication sector in Grenada is not alone in facing challenges on the path towards rapid growth and expansion via the globalisation process. According to Hylton, Shallon (2012), in Jamaica the challenges encountered with the provisions of telecommunication services vary in nature. Despite the many employment opportunities, there still remains a shortage of trained and highly qualified workers in the field. There is also the problem of cybercrime ranging from software conspiracy, the spreading of software viruses, software hacking and phishing. In Barbados, the high cost of the underlying transport network is creating a drag on the economy†¦. Service firms are keen on liberalization of telecommunications services. Hotels, tour operators and travel services recognize the need for a state-of-the-art network infrastructure for local and international clients. Banks, insurance firms and retailers are heavy data users that require economically priced telecommunications services to be competitive†¦.. Service companies are already at a disadvantage in the lending market due to regional loan practices that fail to recognize intellectual property and soft assets as a basis for working capital. Barbadian service firms advocate telecommunications reform to lower the cost of communications (Schmid, Linda. 2013). Overall, in previous years, people could not communicate across the world or interact without barriers, delays or difficulty (Hylton, Shallon. 012. p. 3). Currently, the new digital and mobile technologies along with the internet services offered by LIME Grenada allow persons to operate as if the world has no boundaries. Grenada in undertaking the liberalisation of its telecommunication market enhances its competitive position and economic growth and improvements in many sectors. Though there are challenges, the benefits outweigh them significantly. The literature exploring the significance and impact of telecommunication in this globalising world is quite extensive. Jeniffer Mohammed in Caribbean Studies– An Interdisciplinary Approach (2007) provides a critical insight into information on globalisation and information and communication technologies (ICT’s) which has guided this research thus far. Mohammed stated, â€Å"What a truly globalized world is about is one where there is a ‘level playing field’, where, for instance, everybody can benefit from the trade in technology. This has been happening with cell phones. From the nomadic people of the Sahara to Caribbean people in shanty towns to fishermen going about their trade, almost everyone uses cell phones to communicate. This is an example of something that has been truly globalized and gives us a good understanding about what globalization as a process is really about. It is not that those groups of people are necessarily communicating globally, but the use of the cell phones is a global phenomenon touching all income groups†. (p. 270). â€Å"Digital technologies, the internet and cell phones truly operate as if the world has no border†¦This is the logical meaning of – globalisation – whether applied to trade, finance flows or communication- for some commodity to be equally available to all, anywhere, as if the nation- state did not exist†(p. 70). Moretti, Marco (n. d), in his writing in Globalisation of Mobile and Wireless Communication: Today and in 2020 (2010) stated â€Å"what is happening to the mobile communication market is a good example of positive globalization: in few years mobile phones have spread all around the world becoming a low-cost tool capable of providing wireless connectivity almost everywhere†(p. 19). â€Å"Mobile communications, thanks to the effect of a globalized process of development, are probably one of the most effective means to close the digital divide†. p. 23). The World Bank in their June 2012 publication stated â€Å"Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have great promise to reduce poverty, increase productivity, boost economic growth, and improve accountability and governance. That promise only grew when ICTs underwent a revolution in the 2000s. Nearly 5 billion people in developing countries now use mobile phones, up from 200 million at the last decade‘s st art, and the number of Internet users has risen 10-fold. People across the globe do much more than chat and play games. They learn where best to fish and what market to sell their produce in. They trace cattle from pastures to supermarkets. They report illegal logging and misuses of local budget. They pay bills, send money back home, and receive cash transfers. They do business on mobile phones. They use ICTs to prevent violence against women—and community radio to empower them. They get state-of-the-art schooling online†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Governments can use ICTs to transform public service delivery across sectors—health, education, social protection, justice, agriculture, water, energy, and transport—both central and local. ICTs offer an opportunity to revolutionize public service management by capturing information efficiently in shared databases accessible to all government agencies (such as a national database of electronic identification of citizens). ICTs help governments to simplify administrative procedures and share services (such as citizen authentication and payment systems). And governments can pool resources, reduce costs, adopt common standards for information exchanges, and perform government functions more efficiently (with faster response time and fewer errors)† (The World Bank. 2012).

Triple X Syndrome

Tracie Emmerich Professor Debbie Seale Biology 101 TR, 8:30-11:30 am 3/6/2012 Triple X Syndrome Triple X Syndrome is a sex chromosome abnormality in which there are three X chromosomes instead of the usual two found in most females. Triple X Syndrome is also known as Trisomy X, Triplo X Syndrome, and XXX Syndrome. The first published report of a woman with a karyotype with a 47, XXX was by Patricia A. Jacobs in 1959 at a hospital in Scotland. Most people have 46 chromosomes, occurring in 23 pairs. These chromosomes contain genes, which carry instructions that determine everything from your height to your eye color.One of these chromosome pairs determines your sex. You receive one sex chromosome from your mother and another from your father. Your mother can give you only an X chromosome, but your father can pass on an X or a Y chromosome. If you receive an X chromosome from your father, the XX pair makes you genetically a female. Females with Triple X syndrome have a third X chromosom e. Triple X syndrome usually results from an error in the formation of a mother's egg cell or a father's sperm cell. Sometimes, triple X syndrome occurs as a result of an error early in the embryo's development.Although this condition is genetic, it's typically not inherited. Instead, what usually happens is that either the mother's egg cell or the father's sperm cell has not formed correctly, resulting in an extra X chromosome. This random error in egg or sperm cell division is called nondisjunction. Nondisjunction is a random event and is not caused by anything either of the baby’s parents did or by any medications they may have taken. When the cause is a malformed egg cell or sperm cell, as is usually the case, all the body's cells have the extra chromosome.In the mosaic form, only some of the body's cells have the third X chromosome. Because only some cells contain the extra X chromosome, females with the mosaic form of triple X syndrome may have less severe symptoms. Tri ple X Syndrome occurs in about 1 out of every 1,000 girls born in the United States. It is estimated that between five and ten girls are born with the condition each day. As far as it is known, the syndrome is equally common in all racial and ethnic groups. The only known risk factor is the mother’s age.Women who are 35 years old or older when they become pregnant are at an increased risk of having a daughter with Triple X Syndrome. Because of the lyonization, (the process by which or the condition in which all X chromosomes of the cells in excess of one are inactivated on a random basis )inactivation and formation of a Barr body, in all female cells, only one X chromosome is active at any time. Thus, Triple X syndrome most often causes no unusual physical features or medical problems. If symptoms do appear, they may include: 1. Tall stature: Taller than other girls and women in the family 2.Small head (microcephaly) Microcephaly is a medical condition in which the circumfere nce of the head is smaller than normal because the brain has not developed properly or has stopped growing. Microcephaly can be present at birth or it may develop in the first few years of life. 3. Slightly lower weight at birth 4. Epicanthal folds: An epicanthal fold is skin of the upper eyelid — from the nose to the inner side of the eyebrow — that covers the inner corner (canthus) of the eye 5. Delayed development of certain motor skills, speech and language 6.Although rarely exhibiting severe mental impairments, Triple X Syndrome females have an increased risk of learning disabilities such as dyslexia, delayed speech, deficient language skills and delayed development of motor skills. It is possible that learning disabilities and/or delayed development could eventually lead to a variety of other issues, including academic problems, stress, and poor socialization skills that cause social isolation. 7. Weak muscle tone and delayed motor skills: poor coordination, awkw ardness 8. Menstrual irregularities 9. Increased rick of depression 10. Less assertive and quieter than most girls 1. Intelligence (IQ) may be slightly lower than that of other girls and women in the family although mental retardation is unusual. 10-15 points below siblings. Other possible, though much rarer, complications that may occur include: 1. Premature ovarian failure or ovary abnormalities. When the ovaries stop working before the expected age of menopause, there's a decline in the production of certain hormones and eggs are no longer released by the ovaries each month. This can cause infertility. Additionally, girls and women with triple X syndrome may have malformed ovaries. 2. Seizures.Girls and women with triple X syndrome may develop a seizure disorder. 3. Kidney abnormalities. Females born with triple X syndrome may also have abnormally developed kidneys or may have only one kidney. â€Å"There are even rare cases when a female with Triple X syndrome is affected by ch anges such as behavioral problems, midfacial hypoplasia, wide-set eyes, amenorrhea, posteriorly rotated ears, small head, long head, small lower jaw, expressionless face, prominent forehead, enamel hypoplasia, widely spaced nipples, small hands, small feet, kyphosis, lordosis, reduced muscle tone, and mental retardation. There are seldom any observable physical anomalies in Triple X females, other than being taller than average. Most women with Triple X have normal sexual development. Some experience an early onset of menstruation. Triple X women are rarely diagnosed, apart from pre-natal testing methods, unless they undergo amniocentesis and blood tests for medical reasons later in life. Most medical professionals do not regard the condition as a disability.However, if mild delays are present, such status can be sought by parents for early intervention treatment The chromosome change that causes triple X syndrome cannot be repaired, so the syndrome itself has no cure. Also because it is thought to be caused by a by a spontaneous genetic mutation rather than an inherited genetic defect, there is no way to prevent it. However, given the treatable nature of most symptoms and how frequently no symptoms appear at all, it's quite possible to lead a full and normal life despite having this syndrome.Because people with triple X syndrome may be more susceptible to stress, it's important to make sure a female with Triple X Syndrome has a supportive environment as well. Psychological counseling may help, both by teaching their families useful methods of demonstrating love and encouragement, and by discouraging behaviors that they might not realize are negative. According to a Danish researcher who started one of the first Triple X Syndrome support groups in the world, â€Å"If the conditions are good, stable, and stimulating†¦. learning problems rarely have any serious consequences.However, most Triple X girls need remedial teaching at school at one time or anothe r, and it is important they get this help if and when they need it. † The prognosis for girls with this syndrome is generally good. They are not at increased risks of other diseases as far as it is known and have a normal life expectancy. They are less likely to complete college than other girls, but almost all can finish high school with speech therapy or other additional help. While a few may have some social difficulties,. most are able to join the work force, marry, and start families in adult life.

55 Research Paper Topics to Jumpstart Your Writing

55 Research Paper Topics to Jumpstart Your Writing The research paper is one of the most tried and true assignments in high school or college. Its your teachers opportunity to see how well you can research, convey, and organize that research, and assemble everything into one five-paragraph (or maybe 15-page) paper.Before you get started on your paper, youll need to have a comprehensive understanding of what your teacher expects out of your completed assignment, as well as a really great topic that you can spend a lot of time researching. However, with several classes filled with many students, your teachers have likely seen the same topics over and over (and over) again. Here are some research paper topics that are guaranteed to keep your interest (and theirs). Borrow one of these ideas or get inspiration from this list, which is broken down by subject category.Social issues research paper topicsSocial issues are always going to exist, unfortunately. But the more we learn about what they are, how we can solve them, and how to prevent them, the better off well be. Here are a few social issues topics to think about and to do research on.Many children are diagnosed with ADD or ADHD and are subsequently put on medication, but some advocate that children are overly medicated and that we should instead have more patience for those who cant sit still or have minor behavioral issues. How should this issue be approached?The homeless population in the United States is more than 1.5 million people. What are the conditions that lead to someones being homeless? Are there ways to combat it?Girls who have been in the foster care system are more likely to be human trafficked. Why is this? What can be done?Someone who grows up in poverty is more likely to live in poverty all their life. Why is that? How can someone escape poverty?Opioid addiction is a huge issue in the United States right now. What led to the widespread abuse of opioid drugs? What is being done to solve this problem?Sexual assault is a hot button issue on colle ge campuses. How widespread is sexual assault on college campuses and what is being done to stop it?Each year, 1.2 million students drop out of high school. What is causing them to drop out? What can be done to combat the dropout rate?Many terminally-ill patients in America are advocating for assisted suicide. What countries already allow this, and what are the pros and the cons?Performance artists in public places such as beach boardwalks have their activities regulated by some local governments. Why is this? What are the pros and the cons?TV shows such as Hoarders have shed light on people who collect tremendous amounts of items, trash, and/or animals in their house. How are these people being helped? What causes hoarding problems?Political research paper topicsThe events in politics may always be changing, but the nature of politics remains the same. Theres always a lot to discuss and a lot to learn, making for a very interesting research topic for your paper. Here are a few idea s to get you thinking.North Korea has recently ramped up its nuclear program. What are some ramifications of this?There has been a large political divide in the country for the past few years. What factors led to the large division?What is the AHCA? How is it different from the ACA?The U.S. recently pulled out of the Paris Climate Agreement. What is the Paris Climate Agreement and what is Americas history of involvement with it?Confederate monuments are being torn down after the events in Charlottesville. Write about the history of one confederate monument thats been torn down. When was it built? What were the circumstances of it being constructed?Some feel that religious liberties have been threatened in the United States for several years. Why do they feel this way? What is the history of religious liberties in this country?Much of the news in the last couple of years has been the rise of populism. What is the definition of populism? How does it affect the political climate?Many p arents are choosing not to vaccinate their children because they have read that there is a link between vaccines and autism. Should parents have to vaccinate their children to guarantee herd immunity for all children? Even though the evidence points out that vaccines do not cause autism, why do parents still insist? How have certain celebrities contributed to this issue by being vocal on this topic?Many people in Middle America dont feel that their viewpoints are adequately expressed in the national media. Why do they feel this way? How does this affect national discourse?Historical research paper topicsMany of us learn a lot about the Revolutionary War or the Civil War in our classrooms, but often theres not enough time to explore everything that you might be interested in. Here are a few off-the-beaten-path research paper topics that will be sure to capture your attention as well as your instructors.What caused the market crash of 2008? How are we still recovering?There were sever al all black towns in the United States in the early 20th century. What led to the establishment of these cities?Who were the Freedom Riders?What were the Tulsa Race Riots?What was Female Hysteria in the Victorian era?There are a lot of conspiracy theories surrounding Kennedys assassination. Research about one in depth and discuss how the theory came about.What was the Korean War over? How does it affect society today?What was the Vietnam War over? How does it affect society today?What was the Space Race? Who were the major players and why did it matter so much who got to the moon first?Why did a lot of protesters and hippies gather at Haight-Ashbury in the 1960s? Write about the history of this notable neighborhood in San Francisco.What were Jim Crow laws? How do they still affect society today?When was Affirmative Action enacted? How does it still affect society today?What was the Reconstructive era? How does it still affect the South today?What was Watergate? Who were the major p layers and what was the result? How did it affect the country?What was the Equal Rights Amendment? Why was it not ratified?What was Prohibition? What were the circumstances and why did it finally end?Who was the first woman to hold political office in the United States?Eleanor Roosevelt was a very notable First Lady. Who was she and why was she so important?What was the case Loving v. Virginia? Who did it involve and what was it about?Environmental research paper topicsThere are many things to learn and research on about the world around us. Whether its how we can combat climate change or research alternative fuels, its important to know the answers for a healthy global environment for our future children and grandchildren. Here are a few ideas for environmental research paper topics.What is global warming? What can we do to minimize the effects of it?Some people say that certain global warming studies are funded by industries that have a vested interest in the issue, such as solar energy companies. How are they funded and conducted? Should the research be conducted by impartial parties?The polar ice caps are melting. What does this mean for our environment?There are many endangered species throughout the world. Pick one to write about and write about conservation efforts being made.What are alternative fuels? Should we use them or not? Write about the pros and the cons.What are some ways you could individually reduce your carbon footprint?What countries are leading the globe on combating climate change? What steps are they taking to lead the way?What is deforestation and how does it affect the environment?Many coral reefs are disappearing. Why is that and what kind of actions are scientists taking?What are sinkholes? Why do they occur?Film, literature, and art research paper topicsFilm, literature, and art are part of what defines a culture. Its not surprising then that there is much to explore when you are thinking about these topics. Here are a few interest ing paper topics that pertain to film, literature, and art.Look at a list of classic films. Pick one and write about why it was so influential.In the year 2017 its still quite rare to find a female film director. Pick a favorite female film director and discuss what unique perspectives she adds to film and culture.Theres more of a push to ignore the traditional canon of literature because it features a lot of white, male writers. What do this mean and what do you think of it?Female artists are highly underrepresented in art museums throughout the world. Is it just that there arent many female artists traditionally? What are some efforts being made to include more female artists?Some people feel that Hollywood is hypocritical in embracing director Roman Polanski. What makes them feel this way? What events made him a controversial figure?Read a banned book and research on why the book was banned. What were the circumstances?They say poetry is a dying art. What do you think? Is poetry still alive and well?After youve chosen a topic, be sure to get a second opinionChoosing an interesting research paper topic is often half the battle. Once you get a topic nailed down that youre really fascinated by, its a lot easier to research and write about it.After youve written all of the content of your research paper, its always important to get someone to look over your paper and ensure that its error-free and makes sense to the reader. If you have any questions, be sure to reach out to your instructor or a parent for advice. Finally, if you want to ensure that your paper doesnt contain any spelling or grammar mistakes, you should consider hiring a professional editor such as one from ServiceScape to take a look at your paper. A professional can help you spot an error that you may have missed and help you achieve clean, easy-to-read copy that is guaranteed to impress.

Children-Drugs Persuasion Paper essays

Children-Drugs Persuasion Paper essays Children are affected by their parents. Drugs traumatize children. The drug known as, Crank or meth has become an epidemic in the Western United States. Drugs are not victimless crimes. Drugs affect the addicts' grandparents, parents, children, siblings, law enforcement officers, court workers, and average citizens like you and me. Many experts describe meth addicts as aggressive, belligerent, mean, anxious, fearful and paranoid. These extreme feelings persist for weeks, exacerbated by fatigue. Because of the effects of meth many users do not eat or sleep for weeks. These are troubled people, not caring for themselves or those around them. Most of the women have been sexually molested and are "shattered at a level we know very little about," says Lindy Haunschild, coordinator of the Parent-Child Assistance Program in Spokane. She goes on to say "Children born to these mothers also are likely to be sexually abused. They don't have stable, loving, nurturing parents to keep them safe?" The children are often removed by the state and placed in foster care because of their living conditions. Drug lab decontamination supervisor Bob Webb of MGEC Environmental Solutions has called meth an "Environmental Nightmare." The process used to make the drug is dangerous, toxic and leaves residue that must be removed by a Hazardous Materials Team. The toxic fumes permeate the carpet, drapes, furniture, ceiling, cabinets, flooring and drywall. The chemicals used to make meth include drain cleaner, gasoline, liquid Ammonia fertilizer, Red Devil lye, red phosphorous, toluene, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and xylene to extract meth from diet tablets and over-the-counter cold remedies. The long-term health effects to those exposed peripherally are still unknown. If a house used to make meth is deemed a toxic dump, what about the children that are raised in that environme ...

ACT Rules and Regulations What You HAVE to Know

ACT Rules and Regulations What You HAVE to Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Because the ACT is such a high-stakes test, the folks at ACT, Inc. have implemented a series of rules to ensure that there is no cheating and that all students have as close to the same test-taking experience as possible. Before you take the ACT, you should familiarize yourself with these important rules. You don’t want to start using some scratch paper that you brought and then be dismissed from the test and have your score canceled. Know the rules so you don’t find yourself in such a situation. In this article, I’ll explain the rules for the ACT and the consequences for breaking them. The Purpose of ACT Rules There are rules for the ACT to prevent cheating and ensure the same test-taking experience for all students. Through these rules, the ACT folks are trying to create a fair, standardized test-taking experience for everyone who takes the ACT. If certain people are given an advantage, that could affect college admissions and future ACT scores. Now that we know why the rules exist, let's take an in-depth look at the rules you need to follow when you take the ACT. All the ACT Rules You Should Know You should review the prohibited behavior during your ACT. Also, these are the items you must remember on test day. Let's go over both sets of rules in depth.I'll emphasize the important regulations to make sure there's no confusion. Key Guidelines You Must Follow on Test Day Be on time! You won’t be admitted to the test if you're late. The reporting time is 8:00 AM, but I advise that you arrive at your testing center by 7:30. When I took the ACT, there was a long line that moved rather slowly to enter the testing center. I showed up at 7:30 and entered the room I took my test in shortly before 8:00. Make sure you're only working on the designated section. If you’re taking the math test and realize that you messed up on an English question, there’s nothing you can do at that point. Going back to a previous section or looking ahead in your test booklet is considered cheating. Don’t talk about exam content at any time.This is a tough rule to follow, but don’t talk about specific questions during breaks or after the test. The ACT doesn’t want you sharing information about test questions because questions are often reused. I know you’ll be tempted to talk about that annoying reading passage with your friend, but don’t, especially at the test center. A strict proctor can cancel your score for doing that. When you arrive at the test center, turn your phone off and put it in your backpack. If you look at your phone or if it makes any noise during the test, you can be dismissed and have your score canceled. You can post an Instagram pic of what you wore to the test after you get home. This is probably obvious, but don't do anything that can be considered cheating. Cheating isn't only unethical, but also you don't want to face the consequences if you get caught. What You Must Bring to the Test Admission ticket - You must have your admission ticket on test day. Photo identification- Make sure to bring an acceptable photo ID. You won't be admitted to the exam if you don't have your ticket and proper ID. Bring an acceptable ID to the ACT What You Should Bring No. 2 pencils with good erasers- On the ACT, you're not supposed to use mechanical pencils or pens. Don't be that person anxiously asking for a pencil right before the test starts. Also, a good eraser is likely to come in handy. A permitted calculator- You can't use calculators that make noise, have a QWERTY keyboard, or use a power cord. You can't use calculator apps on a cell phone or laptop. Check out this page for the specific ACT rules on calculators. A watch- I recommend using a watch to help yourself keep track of time on each section. The proctor may forget to remind you when time is running out on a section, and the clock in the room may not be working. However, make sure that the watch you bring doesn’t make noise and that the alarm is off. If an alarm goes off during the test, you can be dismissed and have your score canceled. Miscellaneous items- Here are some things you should bring that will make your test-taking experience more comfortable and less stressful:a backpack, snacks and water for breaks, extra batteries for your calculator, and extra pencils and erasers.You may not be allowed to eat in the testing room, but it’s a long test so it’s good to refuel during breaks. What You Shouldn't Bring Any electronic device other than your watch and cell phone- If you’re seen with a laptop or personal computer, that will be considered cheating. Make sure you’re not using any audio or video recording devices. That will also be considered cheating. (Also remember that your phonemust be put away.) Scratch paper- If an exception applies and you’re allowed to use scratch paper, you may only use paper that ACT has authorized or supplied to you. A dictionary or thesaurus- The only resource you're allowed to use is a permitted calculator to help you with math. Possible Consequences for Rules Violations The consequences for violating any of these rules can vary. Often the consequence will depend on the strictness of your proctor or test center. If you don't have proper ID or your admission ticket, you may not be admitted to the test. If you’re caught violating other rules, you can be dismissed from the test and possibly have your score canceled. In certain situations, you can have your score withheld if there is suspected cheating. In the most extreme cheating situations, the ACT can even take legal action. It's most definitely in your best interest to know and follow the rules. What's Next? Learn the 21 ACT tips you should be using and 14 last-minute ACT tips. If you want to get a perfect ACT score, instead of cheating, learn how to get a 36 on your ACT from a perfect scorer. Looking for practice ACTs?Taking practice tests is one of the best ways to study for the ACT, and we've compiled links to all the free and official ACT practice tests available online. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Justin Berkman About the Author Justin has extensive experience teaching SAT prep and guiding high school students through the college admissions and selection process. He is firmly committed to improving equity in education and helping students to reach their educational goals. 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Comments and questions from classmates on USTA case study questions Assignment

Comments and questions from classmates on USTA case study questions - Assignment Example I build a six step research question in trying to elucidate how USTA approached its management dilemma question to enable the organization come up with a long lasting management decision. Step 2 was to clarify how USTA aimed at expanding itself by persuading more people with divers civilization, masculinity/gender and wealth level to enable the organization acquire vivacious information towards the diversifying multicultural population (Johnson & Clark, 2006). USTA required essential data by involving diverse demographical information to enable the organization design a measurement question of what the household income for male and female who played tennis was in the last 12 months. Thank you for your concern. I used intuition to replace perception as the two words are tantamount, but I came to realize that â€Å"perception† work best than â€Å"intuition†. Thank you for clarification. Your research question hierarchy is impressive. The research USTA undertook was to enable it expand by reaching a more diversified populace hence changing the existed elitist typecast. Therefore, do you support this type of research to be adopted as a universal way of conducting business research? Evidently, nominal data cannot be tabulated in a mathematical way. I would like to pinpoint that USTA used a large sample size, which led to a greater depiction of the population and reduced standard error but at a greater cost. Moreover, the closed questionnaire structure was intentionally meant to reduce inconsistency in the results, and this enabled the company to obtain a less scattered data (Anderson & Whitcomb,  2001). Thanks for your participation. However, I am still not contented with your choice of the measurement scale. From the USTA case study, predominant parameters included social stratification, demographic assessment and people’s participation in tennis. Axiomatically, these factors can best be ascertained by use of nominal scale since the cardinal

Ways of Preventing Time Wastage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ways of Preventing Time Wastage - Essay Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that some of the drawbacks of time wastage are lowering of productivity, loss of priority activities, and lowering of physical/mental benefits. Some of the benefits of time wastage are recharging of the mind, building of working relationships, learning of new and precious skills, and development of hobbies. Generally, as the saying goes â€Å"all work with no play makes Jack a dull boy† time wastage can be beneficial; however, the benefits are on the individual basis and not for the entire nation or a given workforce. Most of the workers at the workplace are fond of checking their email inboxes. This tendency results into loss of precious time because this habit of sending emails to colleagues is addictive. This paper illustrates that constant email pop in and out always forms repetitive time wastage habit that cost the employers. It is estimated that constant email pop in and out is capable of reducing the worker’s output to ex tend where the output of production will lag by one product behind. Following the research was done by salary.com and AOL group in the USA it was established that one of the basic element things that consume a lot of time for the workers is internet surfing. Internet surfing involves constant email check-in and chatting in other social media like Skype, 2go, and Facebook. This problem of pop in and out of email inbox can be eliminated by restricting the checking up to three times for the whole day, it is recommended to schedule your email check-in for the morning, afternoon, and evening. Winging-it time can be defined as the time that an individual aimlessly spends while defining the important things that she/he need to do. For example, in driving some individuals waste a lot of time while aimlessly navigating lots of round-about instead of following a shortcut direction. Lack of drawn roadmap or targets for the end makes an individual to waste a lot of time in winging-it. In order to eradicate this winging-it time wastage an individual needs to prepare a list of tasks in the morning of all the activities that she/he should do, the creation of such a plan helps an individual to have to a scale of preference. Interruption magnet habit can also be referred to distraction that some people cause to others. Some co-workers are fond of creating disruptions to their fellow workers who might be busy working on some scheduled activities. Winging-it time can be defined as the time that an individual aimlessly spends while defining the important things that she/he need to do. For example, in driving some individuals waste a lot of time while aimlessly navigating lots of round-about instead of following a shortcut direction. Lack of drawn roadmap or targets for the end makes an individual to waste a lot of time in winging-it. In order to eradicate this winging-it time wastage an individual needs to prepare a list of tasks in the morning of all the activities that she/he s hould do, the creation of such a plan helps an individual to have to a scale of preference. Interruption magnet habit can also be referred to distraction that some people cause to others. Some co-workers are fond of creating disruptions to their fellow workers who might be busy working on some scheduled activities. This interruption magnet habit can eliminate through putting the phone on silence mode, doing tasks that divided attention has no influence over and maybe choosing to close your office door. Individuals should also learn to prioritize their tasks as very vital since this would prevent them to avoid interruptions from their co-workers. The habit of procrastination can also be referred to as those habits that waste precious time such as face booking, playing spider solitaire, and gazing at the window. Elimination of silent can be achieved through draw up or structuring the day's tasks.

Video news release Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video news release - Essay Example Through undertaking a survey of 77 television stations that broadcasts to 50% of the USA population, the CMD found that there were 36 video news release that were aired by these television stations incorporated and disguised as part of their own news, without disclosing to the audience the authentic source of the video news (). However, the major problem associated with the video news release is that the television stations that broadcasts these types of news fails to balance the clients news with their own independently researched footages, so as to present to the clients the actual status of the clients. More than 75% of the USA adult population depended on television news to be informed on what is happening around the world. Therefore, the television news that is aired on a daily basis has a great influence on the ability of the people to evaluate everything, ranging from consumer products to government policies (). The government has also been known for contributing the highest p ercentage of video news release that are aired by the television news, while political parties and other politically-based organizations are keen to broadcast their opinions to the public though the use of the video news release. There has been a recent controversy over the state of the video news release being incorporated within the normal news broadcast by televisions to the public, but the controversial debate has not deterred the television stations from continued airing of the fake news (). The controversy has led the U.S. Federal Communications Commission to investigate the conduct of the television stations that incorporates corporate clients or the government released video news release as their own news. This resulted to the issuance of the FCCs April 2005 Public Notice, which provided that the television stations must always disclose the sources of their news

What can every nurse do to influence policy that improves quality Essay

What can every nurse do to influence policy that improves quality - Essay Example Further emphasis should be on assimilating leadership concept and comprehensive business procedures across the program and around the field of clinical practice. The governmental and public-private healthcare policy making bodies at each level must have nursing representatives on their administrative management teams, boards, and in major leadership positions. This paper will illustrate ways in which nurses can influence policymaking at every level of the system. Nursing is placed to have a noteworthy influence in the healthcare structure. The degree of that influence is utterly reliant on the inclination of the career to cultivate the role aptitudes and leadership crucial to make a transformation in guaranteeing quality, reachable healthcare in a transformed and transmuting health structure (ANA, 2008). Nevertheless, it is without doubt that it is up to the nursing profession, and its frontrunners to establish the professional and political maturity. This will enable the profession to parley the compound setting of interdisciplinary cooperation; the tenacity of contrasting support positions; placing of nurses at major legislative, organizational, and policymaking boards; also stating nursing's valid part in decisions and actions that advance efficient quality healthcare. (Cherry & Trotter 2005). 1) To impact institutional policy, every nurse, regardless of setting or specialty, has expertise to contribute to the discussions focused on health care improvement. List Ways that nurses can contribute to the discussion focused on health care improvement. Nurses should demonstrate capabilities as the main players in the field of healthcare policymaking. Nurses must view policy as a thing they are obligated to fashion rather than something they have no control over. In inter-disciplinary healthcare environs, actual partnership necessitates assumption of complete responsibility. Nurses can influence institutional policy by coordinating, and leading endeavors that ident ify problems related to care improvement, waste, tracking quality enhancement, and achieving established goals. Another way that nurses can contribute in policymaking is by devising collaborative strategies that are indispensable to good practice (ANA, 2008). The modern healthcare environment is progressively interdependent hence; a new type of partnership-centered leadership is essential to reduce errors, improve patient outcomes, and influence staff involvement and satisfaction. By refining their inborn adaptive capacity to advance their ability to incorporate the continually changing healthcare dynamic, nurses can successfully engage others in transforming care. It is up to nurses to break historic perceptions, biases, gender references and inaccurate perceptions of nurses as those who perform the instructions of others (Cohen et al., 2003). 2) To impact local or community policies: List ways that nurses can contribute to the discussion focused on health care improvement There is a need for capable and strong leadership if the goal for transmuting healthcare is to be achieved. The nursing profession should have leaders at each level of the organization. Nurses should accept major leadership positions in politics, organizations, practice, and most importantly in policymaking. Nurses must display leadership capability, and high-level concerted skills as provisions for transformation and execution of health modification demand. These skills should display at each level and in every manner that influence the advancing potential for modern premium patient care. To influence local or communit

Staffing & Talent Management F12 Assignment #3 Essay

Staffing & Talent Management F12 Assignment #3 - Essay Example Most organisations in today’s world are high profit seeking business partners. They have their plans, objectives and actions aligned with financial goals in mind. Therefore for such organisation, strategic monitoring of performance by the leadership is very important. This is the contribution area registering the contribution made by employees in the area of their core competency. This accounts for the main work that give the organisation its â€Å"bread butter†. For an IT organisation, it is developing applications, building software, providing software solution consultancy etc. For manufacturing companies it could be throughput of manufacturing operation, reduction of waste, optimisation of processes. For a public service company it could be generating ideas related to a particular field, implementation of internal projects, ability to cut down on departmental expenses etc. This is the leadership contribution area responsible for training and development of staff. This parameter is necessary for understanding the impact of leaders on their team and peers. It measures training and motivation efficiency, it calibrates and provides a benchmark for trainings to be taken and leadership roles to be undertaken in order to ensure growth of the organisation. It is a crucial area that registers responsibilities taken over and above current responsibilities. It encompasses the qualities of ownership, accountability, customer satisfaction and dedication towards achieving 100 % customer satisfaction score keeping in mind larger topics like: future business, long term goals, long lasting customer relationships, joint efforts, partnerships, forecasted future financial benefit etc. Value Creator contribution area also records the value addition that an employee brings to his work through added effort out of the set of assigned results. Apart from

Japanese Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Japanese Cinema - Essay Example We have observed that in the 21st century that there has been a drastic increase in the rate of rape cases that are reported, sexual harassment, child molestation in Japan."Japanese film-makers were beginning to spice up their period stories with a dash of  sex and violence." Sigmund Freud a very famous psychologist believed that sex and violence are one of the requirements of every human. According to Freud if an individual involves insexual activities as a result of these movies it is quite legit as this is what we see and adapt. I completely disagree with his approach as exploitation due to any reason is not acceptable at any cost as it propagates the spread of social evils in the society. After the Second World War there was immense brutality and violence in Japan. It has been observed that the rules that deal with sexuality and violence in Japan are quite gender biased and the content is usually loaded with sexuality and violence causing indirect propagation of these sins."Not only was there more sex and violence, but the very manner in which they were made appealed to the young." The reason why such content is quite popular is because most of the people prefer watching such stuff as a source of entertainment but they do not realize that this leaves a profound impact on their mind resulting in creating desires within them. These desires cause them to opt for various ill means to overcome their temptations which force them to involve in these misdeeds. Today what I believe is the reason behind incorporating sex in the movies is because it sells.Like I mentioned earlier that people prefer watching stuff with bold content hence the reason to add such scenes is basically to attract the masses. At times it is quite relevant to add such stuff as it helps to bring about the depth of the characters and to show the level of intimacy between them. The issue has merely gained so much popularity is because today movies, TV shows novels etc. sell such content on regular basis. It has been recorded that in Japan when there is any form of sexual exploitation or any physical violence against women are considered to be standard form of entertainment which people thoroughly enjoy in movies which belong to the action or adventure genre. It is pretty astonishing that when it comes to Japan there is a vast variety of content available that deals with sexually provoking material but the rape rate tends to be tremendously low within the region. The the mes that involve sexual activities are quite common when it comes to Japanese legacy and they do not find any type of shame when associating themselves to it. There is a very controversial issue about pictorial representation of genetical areas. Japan does not allow to replicate/represent in pictorial form but does not prohibit the exploitation of such parts in movies, novels, TV shows etc. unlike the united states. The rape cases that take place in japan are majorly underreported and are usually done by underage individuals or gangs. Since the Japanese society is based on virtues like cooperation, order, duty etc. hence such activities are considered to be shameful for the families and majority of the time are not reported at all. This provokes those individuals who involve in such

Staffing & Talent Management F12 Assignment #3 Essay

Staffing & Talent Management F12 Assignment #3 - Essay Example Most organisations in today’s world are high profit seeking business partners. They have their plans, objectives and actions aligned with financial goals in mind. Therefore for such organisation, strategic monitoring of performance by the leadership is very important. This is the contribution area registering the contribution made by employees in the area of their core competency. This accounts for the main work that give the organisation its â€Å"bread butter†. For an IT organisation, it is developing applications, building software, providing software solution consultancy etc. For manufacturing companies it could be throughput of manufacturing operation, reduction of waste, optimisation of processes. For a public service company it could be generating ideas related to a particular field, implementation of internal projects, ability to cut down on departmental expenses etc. This is the leadership contribution area responsible for training and development of staff. This parameter is necessary for understanding the impact of leaders on their team and peers. It measures training and motivation efficiency, it calibrates and provides a benchmark for trainings to be taken and leadership roles to be undertaken in order to ensure growth of the organisation. It is a crucial area that registers responsibilities taken over and above current responsibilities. It encompasses the qualities of ownership, accountability, customer satisfaction and dedication towards achieving 100 % customer satisfaction score keeping in mind larger topics like: future business, long term goals, long lasting customer relationships, joint efforts, partnerships, forecasted future financial benefit etc. Value Creator contribution area also records the value addition that an employee brings to his work through added effort out of the set of assigned results. Apart from

The Effectiveness of Ability Grouping Kindergarten Students In Reading Research Proposal

The Effectiveness of Ability Grouping Kindergarten Students In Reading Groups On Improving Reading Scores - Research Proposal Example study, these researchers drew on the ECLS-K database, from where they included only the first-time kindergarten students, who learnt in the same school the whole year. They also excluded students with learning disabilities, and those with limited proficiency in the English language. A multilevel analysis was then used to assess the influence of within-class grouping and other school and instructional factors on the reading achievement of kindergarteners. Nonetheless, the results from this study showed that when teachers use within-class grouping more frequently, this had a positive influence on the mean school gain in reading. This study therefore, suggests that the use of ability groupings in kindergartens might lead to an improvement in the early literacy and reading (O’Connell & Levitt, 2006). In another study, Tach and Farkas (2005) used the ECLS-K data to explore the influence of within-class reading on kindergarten and first grade students. These hypothesized that the ef fectiveness of within-class ability grouping is influenced by the incoming level of reading of the students, their proficiency in mathematics, as well as their preschool behavior problems, which are more common among boys and those students from families of low socioeconomic status. The researchers used hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) on the ECLS-K data, and included only those students and classrooms that had complete data, beginning from kindergarten, end of kindergarten, and first grade. Nonetheless, results of this study showed that prior reading test scores of students and the judgment of teachers on the learning ability of students influenced the effectiveness of within-class ability groupings in kindergartens. Overall, the ability groupings in kindergartens, according to this study,... This study exhibits considerable limitations. First, there will be bias in the selection process of participants. The selection criterion involved requires that only students who have never changed schools between fall and spring of their kindergarten year be included in the study sample. For this reason therefore, the results might not reflect the effect of ability grouping among all kindergarten students. In addition, the use of self-report questionnaires to establish the frequency of using ability groupings among teachers cannot generate the accuracy of teachers' self-ratings. Moreover, this data cannot determine the quality of instruction in the ability groupings and cannot establish whether the teacher modified the instruction to suit student’s needs. More so, the timing of the study might lead to misplaced levels of reading proficiency, thus leading to wrong results of the measure of academic process testing. This paper makes a conclusion that the role and effectiveness of ability groupings has not been given the attention it deserves. Therefore, as most kindergarten teachers attempt to improve the reading scores of their students, some have paid lee attention to ability groupings strategy. This study therefore, seeks to investigate the effectiveness of ability groupings on the reading scores of kindergarteners in Russell Primary School. Depending on the results of the study, ability groupings might or might not be recommended to kindergarten teachers.

Existentialism Is a Humanism Essay Example for Free

Existentialism Is a Humanism Essay Sartre is trying to defend existentialism against some disapproval to it. The Communist criticized existentialism as an invitation to people to take interest in hopeless world affairs. On the other hand, Christians reproached from the fact that people deny the need of attention in human affairs. People have the will to do anything they want and wish. With the example given, about ignoring the Ten Commandments, we can people deny the value of following the commandments and will only follow it if they wish. THE MEANING OF EXISTENTIALISM. According to Sartre, existentialism is a principle that provides human life possible. It also determines that every truth and action we know involves both an environmental and a human subjectivity. The two types of existentialist are the Christians and Existential Atheists. What they have in common is that they both believe in â€Å"existence comes before essence†, which means that a human has no predetermined essence or nature. â€Å"Man is nothing else but that which he makes of himself. † If a man cannot define himself, then he is bound to happen that he is nothing. The paper-knife example talks about how an artisan conceptualized an object, how he paid close attention to it and knew what the purpose of the object would be. The paper-knife is existentially different from human because for Existential Atheists, which Sartre is included, man defines himself and not the creator that conceived him. RESPONSIBILITY An implication given in the lecture is how a being would be able to existence would come before its essence even if God does not exist. Sartre mentioned that there is no human nature because we define ourselves and not by any force that lives inside us. By Sartre saying that â€Å"in choosing for himself, he chooses for all men†, he means that when humans make decisions, it affirms that value of which he had chosen. The choices we consider are always the better, and nothing can be better for us unless it is better for all. When a human chooses to do something for himself, like marrying and have children, he is still creating and contributing an image for the whole the whole mankind. ANGUISH Existentialist frankly state that man is in anguish because he only decides for himself, not realizing that the whole mankind is resting upon his shoulders. When we are in verge of act, we should ask ourselves â€Å"What would happen if everyone did so? † In asking this, we would be able to fully re-evaluate the actions or decisions we’re about to do. In the story of Abraham and the hallucinating women, we are taught on how to ask ourselves with that question. It is not enough to do an act with merely hearing the command. We should prove to ourselves that what we are about to follow would be reasonable and just. ABANDONMENT Sartre said that if God did not to exist, nothing would really change. He believed that we would still have the same progress that we have now. But for the existentialist, they would be embarrassed because it disappears with God the possibility of finding values in an intelligible heaven. For Dostoevksy, if God did not exist, everything will be permitted. He said that human would be free from doing anything they wish. One will be never to be able to explain one’s action because he doesn’t have anything to refer to. On the other hand, he proposes that if God does not exist there wouldn’t be values or commands that will legitimize our behavior. Existentialists believe in the power of passion. They believe that man is responsible for his passion, not some drive that is hidden inside a man. The story of the student teaches us that we should trust our instinct. With his dilemma, whether to join the Forces or to stay with him mom, he based his decision on what he felt. Because he had been living with his mother, the value of feeling to be always by her side is developed. Thus, he chose not to live his mother. In addition, the Jesuit’s story tells us that through our decisions and action, we are bound to choose our own path and bear the entire responsibility. DESPAIR According to Sartre, the definition of despair is that â€Å"we limit ourselves to a reliance upon which is within our will, or within the sum of the probabilities which render our action feasible. † I think the reason why Sartre thought that when Descartes said, â€Å"Conquer yourself rather than the world,† what he meant was â€Å"we should act without hope† is because both statements are saying that we should be in control of ourselves. The Marxists believe that you can rely upon the help of others. That even when you die, other will still continue what you did and help. While Sartre’s argument is that he cannot fully trust those people he doesn’t know. Yes, he can entrust his works and life with his comrades and family, but not to strangers. Does that mean that I should abandon myself to quietism? NO. What we should do is to commit ourselves then act the commitment made. Sartre stated that man is nothing else than what he proposes. Because he hasn’t found anything yet he seeks, he continues to living until the day he found it. â€Å"You are nothing else but what you live†, this means that â€Å"a man is no other than a series of undertaking, that he is the sum, the organization, the set of relations that constitute these undertaking. † Behaviors of the people are caused by the actions happening in their environment upon them. The implication given was how a coward became a coward, and a hero became a hero. Being a coward is the act of giving up. How sternness of optimism here is seen on how a man can make himself a coward or hero, through his action and thinking. In the end, what counts is that â€Å"the destiny of man is placed within himself. † There wouldn’t be any hope or changes unless he starts doing something. SUBJECTIVITY What Sartre and Descartes both agree on is that truth must first have an absolute truth. If not, it will crumble into nothing. Sartre thinks that the theory alone is incompatible with the dignity of man because â€Å"it is the only one which does not make man into an object. † Their main aim of that view is to distinguish the human kingdom as pattern of values to that of the material world. THE OTHER Sartre believes that when we are trying to think to discover ourselves, we are to discover everything from others. To recognize oneself is to be recognize by other people. With â€Å"I cannot obtain any truth whatsoever about myself, except through the mediation of another†, Sartre is saying that we need other to seek the truth that we are trying to find. That being an individual is not enough to find the truth and identity. INTER-SUBJECTIVITY We should understand that â€Å"all the limitations which a priori define man’s fundamental situation in the universe. † The historical situation of every man is different from what they experienced. Human condition is saying that from having freedom, we are also entitled to take full responsibility of it. I think it is possible to understand and value something about all people because there is still universality, which mean that in somehow we can still understand things outside ourselves. BAD FAITH One of the implications are â€Å"every man realizes himself in realizing a type of humanity†, meaning that if a man decides to classify himself, he would be able to realizes himself. There is no difference between free being and absolute being. Lying to yourself by saying that it doesn’t matter to you is a bad faith. It is wrong to say that what you choose doesn’t matter to you. People can always choose, but in not choosing is still a choice. â€Å"†¦without reference to any pre-established value, but it is unjust to tax him with caprice. † I do agree what he is trying to say here. Because he has no knowledge of a pre-established value, there is no sudden change in his choice. When Sartre that we make ourselves, what he meant is that through our actions and decisions we are forming our identity. FREEDOM In saying â€Å"You are unable to judge others†, it is true in one sense and false in the other. Whenever a man chooses his decisions and purpose, it is now impossible to choose another one. It is true in the sense that we do not believe in progress. The goal of freedom is to judge the logical value and not a judgment of value. They also search for the real meaning of freedom. How can the existentialists form judgment? By saying that he deceives himself and by doing that you are having good faith. â€Å"One can choose anything, but only if it is upon the plane of free commitment. † With this, we can conclude that selecting choices involving the commitment of oneself. INVENTION OF VALUES His response is an analogy, â€Å"if I have excluded God the Father, there must be somebody to invent values. † He disagrees on the kind of humanism that takes man as an end. He says so because man is still to be determined and should be considered as an end. What he meant by â€Å"Transcendence† is a man’s relation to his world and that of the people around him. Because man wants to surpass what he has done, he is in the center of his transcendence. A man can realize himself as truly human when he decides for himself, always seek truth and beyond himself and having an aim of some particular realization. CONCLUSION From his point of view, even if God did not exist, it would make no difference. Because for existentialists the real problem is how man will be able to find himself to in order to save himself, by not giving full reliance of God’s existence. Existentialism is a doctrine of action in a way that they confine their own despair with existentialists that Christians can describe them as without hope.

The Tourism Industry In Malaysia Tourism Essay

The Tourism Industry In Malaysia Tourism Essay This chapter includes parts. Part 1 is about the background of the tourism industry in Malaysia. Part 2 is about the problem statement. The following part is about the objectives of study and hypotheses of the study. Last part is significance of the study. The tourism industry in Malaysia can be considered as one of the most important and strategic industries in the Malaysia sector. Compared with other industry sector in Malaysia, the tourism industry has been estimated to boost the Gross Domestic Income so that Malaysia can be a developed nation by 2020. For example, the estimation about China tourism industry is expand accordingly to Table 1 with market share of 8.6% and will have a drastically growth in future around 8.0% in year 2020. Since the china have focusing on increase the tourism industry to boost the gross domestic income, Malaysia government are also trying to promote Malaysia as tourism country especially through a lot of advertising from inside or outside of Malaysia region. Currently, there are advertising Malaysia tourism industry with the slogan of Malaysia Truly Asia. The Malaysia tourism industry are developing because from the above table 2 show that the number of hotel was supply in Malaysia are there same amount that is 2,373 from to 2008 to 2009 but the number of hotel in every state are increasing especially for Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Perak, Pulau Pinang, Johor and Sabah . There are only two state which numbers of hotel are decreasing are Putrajaya and Pahang. Furthermore, the total numbers of room supply are increasing about 1.9% from 165739 rooms to 168844 rooms for 2009. According to the table 2, there are increasing numbers of hotel and rooms by state showing the trend of tourist are increasing. The tables 3 are showing the number of tourist arrival from outside of Malaysia on year 2008 and 2009.The total number of foreigner tourist arrival Malaysia are increasing from 22052488 people to 23646191 people and the percentage increase about 7.2%. There are some factors which lead to encourage outside tourist to visit Malaysia, although there are a barrier of distance between other country and Malaysia but the number of foreigner are still increasing from year 2008 to 2009. Although there are distance but the tourism keep visiting Malaysia from one year to one year. 1.3 Problem Statement With the fast development of information communication technologies (ICTs) and the expansion of the Internet has affected the tourism industry structures around the world. New technologies have been adopted in the tourism industry in lot of country for more than 30 years, and the trend is likely to continue into the future. For example China, as a fast-growing developing country in Asia, is gaining importance in the international tourism market for its historical and cultural attractiveness as a destination. It is also becoming a booming tourism source country as its population starts travelling overseas. This study examines how the ICT and Internet gradually change the tourism industry structure in China; how important such changes are, and to where such changes will lead Chinas tourism industry. Does Malaysia have the same situation such as China? In this research, the main purpose to conduct is to examine the use of information technology on Malaysias tourism agencies. As we know ITs become instrumental to boost their competitiveness in the tourism industries. The evolution of ITs processing power in the last decade have change their capabilities as they constantly increase the ability of technology to influence the tourism industry. With the innovation in technology, ensure the tourism industry bigger market which had leaded to increase the Gross Domestic Income. Moreover, as the technology going advance bring lot change to tourism industry and bring more advantage to this industry. What are the factors that give a positive impact to tourism from the use of information technology? This survey being conducted to explorer the factor that encourages the use of information technology on Malaysias tourism agencies. Other than that, as many tourism agencies acknowledge that the impacts of information technology to Malaysia tourism industry are becoming more obvious nowadays. Today tourism industries are very different compare to era of 90s, especially the trend of tourist are changing also has change drastically especially after population of human is increase from year to year. Is that socio-economic influence a tourist choosing their vacation? Socio-economic is the study of the relationship between economic activity and social life. Socio-economic includes age, salaries, education, gender and others. Both high salaries and low salaries tourist will choose the dissimilar vacation. The level education also may effect for the choosing of one location for vacation. Males and females are also preferred to difference location for vacation. Mostly probably we will know what are the personal traits of tourist which lead them to choose one location as their vacation? As the diffusion of information technology occurs globally lead a use of different type of information technology for Malaysia tourism agencies. For example in tourism is the re-engineering of the booking process, which becomes rationalized and enables both consumers and the industry to save more time especially in identifying, reserving and purchasing tourism products. Moreover, tourists will be able to browse through the Internet and identify a rich variety of source from different information technology in order to make travel choices suited to their personal requirements. For example the Computer Reservation Systems (CRSs), Global Distribution Systems (GDSs), the emerging super highway by using the Internet and the World Wide Web and other information technology. Which is the most capable type of information technology being use by the tourist especially when they wanted to go for a vacation in Malaysia? 1.4 Objectives of study The objectives are to examine the use of information technology in Malaysias tourism industry. The specific objectives are: To identify factor that encourages the use of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry. To examine the tourist personnel trend from the innovation of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry. To examine the relationship between different type of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry. 1.5 Hypotheses of the study Based on the study, we are finding out whether the factor that encourage use of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry got relate with the use of different type of information technology through the tourist personal trend from innovation of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry. There are list of for the hypothesis development: H1: Factors that encourage use of information technology will predict significantly the different type of information technology. H2: There will be a significantly relationship between factors that encourage use of information technology and tourist personal trend from the innovation of information technology H3: tourist personal trend from the innovation of information technology will significantly predict the use of different type of information technology. H4: tourist personal trend from the innovation of information technology will mediate the relationships between that encourage use of information technology and the use of different type of information technology. 1.6 Significance of the study This study will show the trend of tourism industry in Malaysia can help academicians or practitioner to improve and enhance their understanding about the factors that encourage use of information technology are the most important factor in Malaysia tourism industry and how it can how it can give impact to the use of different type of information technology in tourism industry through the trend of tourist personnel trend from innovation of information technology. Through this study also can help the people of this country to identify the drastic changing in tourism industry nowadays because of the influence of information technology in this industry. As a result, most of tourism agencies going to use information technology to advertise and this encourage tourist choose different type of information technology for purpose to travel. The finding from the study can help the tourism agencies or researcher to more understand the evolution of ITs processing power in the last decade have change their capabilities as they constantly increase the ability of technology to influence the tourism industry. There is different capable type of information technology being use by the tourist especially when they wanted to go for a vacation. With the huge no of tourist from outside and inside of Malaysia has leaded to increase the Gross Domestic Income. Besides that, the trend of tourist are changing also has change drastically especially after population of human is increase from year to year. Through this study, can help tourism or researcher more focus on the personnel trend of tourist to ensure every aspect of tourist behavior being update accordingly to current situation. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter is discussing about use of information technology in tourism industry. 2.2.1 Literature review As the tourism industry are growing up in other countries like China tourism industry compare with Malaysia tourism. Although with new form of tourism has grow rapidly but the size and destination of Chinese outbound travel are still become an obstacle to China because of their government policies. The CPC Central Committee at its conference about economy in late 1998 giving opinion that the tourist industry as one of the new growth points of the national economy in the years to come (Qian, 1999) Therefore, Hong Kong, Macao, some of the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asia Nations) countries, Australia and South Korea have choose China as their major target market by setting up a variety of promotion campaigns. Based on the state statistics, among the countrys 5,201 hotels entitled to accommodate overseas visitors in 1997, 734 were joint venture hotels with over 330,000 hotel bed-spaces, making up 23.5 per cent of the grand total of hotel bed-spaces in the country (CNTA, 1998). Incre asingly, ICTs play a critical role for the competitiveness of tourism organizations and destinations as well as for the entire industry as a whole (UNWTO, 2001).Based on the previous researcher, tourists who searched on the Internet mostly spend more time at their destinations as compared to those who consult other information sources.(Bonn, Furr, Susskind, 1998; Luo, Feng, Cai, 2004). There are other countries resources about tourism industry which to use as variable to measure factor the use of information technology that affect Malaysia tourism industry. By using some example about the advantage of information technology especially online application as variable to test the factor will give impact to the Malaysias tourism. Those variables may include pricing, less time spent on waiting and planning more time on enjoyment, increased the number of choice for consumer, effective mechanism to air complain, and many other factors. Other than that, the internet provides a best solution to sell their products globally to potential travelers at anytime. For example, the supplier can monitor their servers by depend on the display information of product and services at an electronic speed (Inkpen, 1998: Law, 2000). As in the modern era, Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) have impact on the process of how business is performed and how organizations compete with it (Porter, 1985, 2001; Porter Millar, 1985). There are reason of encourages the use of travel agencies is because personal agencies be able to provide personal information and advice to traveler (Palmer and McCole(1999) ; and walle(1996). For tourist, they make reservations and receive tickets at home through travel websites which can save their time on waiting and planning (OConnor Frew, 2001). As we know, there are factor which emphasizes the online booking for air ticket because this will convenient the tourist. Based on information technology applications, there are also e-shopping which provides a large geographic coverage that allows consumers to buy from a great variety of product when they shop at home (Peterson et al., 1997). Moreover, ICTs also become a very effective mechanism for consumers to make air complaints. Based on previous record there are less than 5 percent of customers who were dissatisfied and already voiced out their complaints using online application (Albrecht Zemke, 1985). For example Electronic Word-Of-Mouth (WOM) becomes useful tool to voice complaints about brands through websites, chat rooms and consumer forums (Gelb Sundaram, 2002). There are some sources call Untied.co is probably one of the most famous examples for one individual who not only used his website to complain against United Airlines himself but also to accumulate thousands of complaints from other traveler. The research being carried up to know whether Malaysia tourist using information technology when they want to travel because of is depend on the effective mechanism to voice some complain. Nowadays, individuals have enough power to take on powerful organizations such as airlines (Buhalis, 2004).This show how effe ctive the impact of information technology on tourism industry around whole world. In addition, according to (Shea, Enghagen, and Khullar, 2004) have illustrated a real case Yours is a very bad Hotel Which publish the unpleasant experience made by at least seven newspapers and magazines report. In this literature review, (Werthner and Ricci, 2004) have found that the tourism industry is leading through e-Commerce applications. This application being applied in many Malaysia tourism agencies because of the effeteness of information technology. The information technology was fully supports by Three-dimensional (3D) interactive websites have attracted the online consumer to do online purchases, and to create loyalty (Fiore, Kim Lee, 2005). Furthermore, tourists can get visualized tourism information from digital maps with aerial and satellite images in both two dimensions and even three dimensions (Raggam Almer, 2005).With this kind of information technology will lead to the factor which encourages Malaysia tourism industry to growth stable. This study reviewed the literature to determine factors encourage the use of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry. In this literature review, the objective show that the impacts of information technology to Malaysia tourism industry are becoming more obvious nowadays until change the personnel trait of the tourist when choosing one location as their vacation. This may involve the socio-economic about study of the relationship between economic activity and social life. Travel and holidays are one of the most expensive items purchased regularly by households around the world and it represents a significant proportion of individuals annual budget. The Internet has changed tourism consumer behavior dramatically (Mills Law, 2004). Moreover, majority of the customers search for travel related information, air ticket bookings using online, room reservations by online and other by online purchases themselves by travel agencies to undertake this process for them (Morrison et al., 2001). According to (Gursoy and McCleary, 2004) already have developed a comprehensive theoretical model that integrated all p sychological, economics, and processing approaches into a cohesive whole for understanding tourists information by seeking their behavior. Normally, through the increasingly of profiling will bring a better personalization, customization and interaction between consumers and tourism organizations. According to (Pouloudi, Vassilopoulou, and Ziouvelou, 2002) have stated that the Internet users profiles mostly divide into seven e-social factors, namely: geography, culture, regulation, economic, professional, social capital, and social structure. Although the online travel sales and marketing volume keeps increasing, they not depend fully to information technology application but traveler or tourist still depend on travel agents for some human touch and service( Palmer and McCole and Travel Association of America, 1998). Mostly probably when the web users search for travel information, they will tend to browse online about their holiday vacation through multiple websites. As a result, their start finding information in a generic search engine likes Google. By ensure there are systematic applications such as recommender system to ensure assistance in the social process of indicating about what options are better suited in a specific case for some individuals (Resnick Varian, 1997, Gretzel et al,, 2004). With this recommender system can provide valuable information to assist consumers decision making process (Ricci, 2002). Other than that, with this kind of recommender system can help travelers when facing complex decision-making process by correlating those to other consumers and their preferences and also by identifying better customer requirements (Fesenmaier, Werthner, Wà ¶ber, 2003, Ricci Werthner, 2002, 2006). In Malaysia, majority of the tourist still depend on tourism agencies to choose their vacation. Selection of vacation destinations and the choice of leisure activities throughout the vacation, and with other travel-related decisions are based on personality (Mardrigal, 1995). In some of the information search being make, behavior has a significant relationship with demographic and lifestyle characteristics. For example in online ticket reservation booking for room of hotel which can allow consumers to set their online profile and to include personal data that suit their preference. Thus, with such application can support tourism organizations to provide better service in future to the consumer especially the tourist. In tourism if there are understandings how different market segments appreciate different tourism products or services also can increase the possibilities to put suitable products forward for customer. For example, Lastminute.com is one of the web collects suitable information to personalize the weekly newsletter that being sent to consumers and also trace what parts of the newsletter are accessed by most of the consumers so can provide the right personalize in future. For tourism agencies in Malaysia, there are some web which provides demogr aphics and life cycle information about customer profiling. For example, when choosing a vacation for holidays depend on joint decision-making process between husbands and wives mostly. Other than that, children also can play a key role in the decision making process when involve choosing one location for vacation (Wang et al., 2004).With the attractive of the web because of games and chat-rooms on the Internet on some of the travel agencies web encourage some children often seek fun. As a result, children become the target of tourism attractions especially by provide some of interactive games in order to attract children to visit and engage with their websites (Tufte Rasmusse, 2003). Nowadays, consumer trend when using information technology to search information involve all layer of age. According to (Graeupl, 2006) the consumers aged between 50 to 60 are likely to become the most higher category involve in searching for flight information and accommodation are but most of them w ere not interested in package holidays. As a result, probably we will know there are different personal traits of tourist which lead them to choose one location as their vacation. 2.2 Proposed Theoretical Framework There are independent variables such as the factor that can influence type of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry. The independent variables in this research are factor that encourages the use of information technology on Malaysias tourism industry and the personnel traits of tourist are mediating variable. Factor there are encourage the use of information technology include the element of: Require less time and planning Price cheaper Effective mechanism to air complain Easy for making payment Increase of the number of choice for tourist The use of it without border or region barrier Virtual communities Meanwhile the dependent variable is the type of information technology use in tourism industry. The effective between factors that encourage the use of information technology on type of information technology through the personnel trait of tourist is show in diagrammed in figure 1: Independent Variables Factor of the use of IT on Malaysia tourism industry Time and planning Price Effective to air complain Easy for making payment number of choice for tourist The use without border or region barrier Virtual communities Dependent Variables Demographic variable Type of information technology on tourism industry Personnel trait of tourist Figure 1: Theoretical framework to describe effect between the factors that encourage the use of IT on type of information technology on tourism industry through personnel trait of tourist. 2.3 Hypothesis Development: A hypothesis of this study will develop to check the factor there are encourage the use of information technology on type of information technology through personnel trait of tourist. There are sample of 100 survey form being taken from different state in Malaysia to test the variable. The question is whether there is an effect between these variables. H01: Factors that encourage use of information technology will predict significantly the different type of information technology. Ha1: Factors that encourage use of information technology will not predict significantly the different type of information technology. H02: There will be a significantly relationship between factors that encourage use of information technology and tourist personnel trend from the innovation of information technology. Ha2: There will be no significantly relationship between factors that encourage use of information technology and tourist personnel trend from the innovation of information technology. H03: Tourist personnel trend from the innovation of information technology will significantly predict the use of different type of information technology. Ha3: Tourist personnel l trend from the innovation of information technology will not significantly predict the use of different type of information technology. H04: Tourist personnel trend from the innovation of information technology will mediate the relationships between that factor encourage use of information technology and the use of different type of information technology. Ha4: Tourist personnel trend from the innovation of information technology will not mediate the relationships between factor that encourage use of information technology and the use of different type of information technology. Chapter 3: Methodology 3.0 Introduction This chapter describes the research methodology used throughout the study. The study is to measure what is relationship between variables: factors that encourage the use of information technology, type of information technology and the personal trait of tourist. Topic included in this chapter is the overall research design which consists of seven chapters. First part is about the introduction, seconds is about the research design, third is data collection method ,fourth is sampling design, fourth is about the researcher instrument ,fifth involve measurement scales, sixth is data processing and last part is about data analysis statistic . 3.1 research design In the research design, there are an answer questions like how or why in designing the questionnaire (Robert K. Yin, 1994). In developing the questionnaire, there no fast rules. However there are some guideline that help prevent the most common mistake being make by researchers in develop a questionnaire. There criteria must be emphasized such as to avoid leading and loaded questions. Moreover, use of questionnaire techniques to collect data for this study. By planning on the research question can ensure the two criteria a questionnaire to meet the researchers purpose (Zigmund, 2002).The questionnaire must have relevancy and accuracy to objective. The use of word may bring to some of misleading thought (Herbert Spencer, 1820-1903). Thus, the questionnaire must be based on capability to avoid any order bias. There are also quantitative data which the number that can be used to measure the variable. There are either descriptive which mean subjects usually measured once or experimental which mean subjects measured before and after a treatment in the quantitative research designs (Will G Hopkins, 2000). When measurement the variable from theory it more on the numbers, and the neutrality makes them become the source of remedial suggestions ( Kuhn, 1961). Other than that, quantitative data very efficient because it be able to test the hypotheses but may miss some of contextual detail (Miles Huberman,1994).Moreover, the qualitative approach is a general way of thinking about conducting qualitative research. It describes, either explicitly or implicitly, In-Depth Interviews. 3.2. Data collection method Data refer to simply facts of certain phenomena (Zigmund, 2002). There are two type of data collection which divides into primary data and secondary data. The observed or collected directly from first-hand experience is called primary data .Other than that, published data and the data collected in the past or other parties, is called secondary data. Moreover, all data are classified into qualitative or quantitative from the primary data and secondary data. 3.2.1 Primary data This study utilized primary data collected survey in different state in Malaysia. A questionnaire was sent to a random sample of 100 respondents near to vacation which have many tourists near different state in Malaysia. A personal questionnaire was designed to solicit firstly: socio-economic profile of respondents; and secondly, to measure some consumer attitudinal dimension towards fundamental aspects of choosing a vacation using information technology which include time and planning, price, effective to air complain, easy for making payment, number of choice for tourist, the use without border or region barrier, and virtual communities. The socio-economic variables include: age, gender, race, education, income level and occupation. Likert scales were employed to measure the intensity of the consumers attitude towards the proposed concepts or statements. (Fatimah Mohd Arshad et al, 2001). 3.2.2 Secondary data Secondary data are usually historical, already assembly, and do not require access to respondents or subjects. The fact finding of it is aimed at collecting descriptive information to support decision making. The use of secondary data is to get more accurate information. Secondary data being used as the  research design  due to primary research and can provide a guide which the collected primary data results can be compared to it. 3.3 Sampling design 3.3.1 Target population Majority of the target population is focus on tourist from different state in Malaysia. 3.3.2 Sampling Elements The study is to choose different tourist from different age, race and country. 3.3.3 Sampling Technique There are several ways of sampling technique for taking a sample. The methods are probability and non-probability sampling techniques. A  probability sampling  scheme is one in which every unit in the population has a chance (greater than zero) of being selected in the sample, and this probability can be accurately determined. Non-probability sampling is a sampling technique in which the units of the sample are selected on the basic of person judgment or convenience. Convenient sampling is a procedure used to obtain those units or people conveniently available. Moreover, convenience sampling being use because it is a low cost and the list of population was took randomly. 3.3.4 Sampling Size In this study, survey form being distributed to 100 respondents of tourist from different age from different area. 3.4 Research Instrument There are questionnaire being used for data collection. The questionnaire involve the combination of the questionnaire on factors that encourage the use of information technology, personal trait of tourist, and the type of information technology being use by tourist in tourism industry. The questionnaire being set up and modified based on the objective of study. The factors that encourage the use of information technology The questionnaire on factors that encourage the use of information technology was measured using the factor scale developed by (Dimitrios Buhalis and Maria Cristina Licata, 2004).The scale comprised of seven parts such as time and planning, price, effective to air complain, easy for making payment, number of choice for tourist, the use without border or region barrier, and virtual communities. There are 5-point likert scale was use ranging from strongly disagree(1), disagree(2), partly agree(3), agree(4), strongly agree(5). The personal trait of tourist The personnel trait of tourist was measured using example develop by (Rob Law, Kenith Law, and James Wong, 2004).The questions pertaining to the respondents gender, ethnic, age, income, marital status, education, employees status, country origin, and travel purpose. Respondent need to choose one of preference that are suitable for them .Moreover, the choices of questions are already classified. 3. The different type of information technology The different type of information technology was measured using different type IT scale developed by (D. Buhalis and M.C. Licata, 2004). The scale consisted of type such as World Wide Web, Computer Reservation Systems (CRSs), Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) and other. The 5-point likert scale was use ranging from strongly disagree(1), disagree(2), partly agree(3), agree(4), strongly agree(5). 3.5 Measurement Scales A scale being defined as any category of item which being progressively according to value or magnitude. For normally there are four types of measurement scales used in research such as nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio scales. In this study, only nominal and interval scales being use. Interval scales being use to test variable in section 1 and 3 and measure the different in the choice making of respondent. Nominal scale used in section 2 to measure the demographic variable of respondent. 3.6 Data processing In this study, the SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) software version 17 will use to process the data being collected. SPSS data input be coding and transform to output through SPSS software. All the input be collected being put into the SPSS input to get the more accurate and reliable. 3.7 Data Analysis 3.7.1 Descriptive Analysis By changing the raw data into a form that will ensure the output is easy to understand and interpret it known as descriptive analysis (Zikmund, 2002). It also can rearr