Vietnamese Immigration to America Essay Example for Free

Vietnamese Immigration to America EssayVietnam is located in the Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South china Sea, alongside China, Laos, and Cambodia 6 00 N, 106 00 E. Its Total Land Area is 329,560 sq km, with a land ara of 325,360 sq km and wet area of 4,200 sq km. It is slightly wide-rangingr than New Mexico. Its total land boundary is 4,639 km with border countries desire Cambodia, China and Laos. It has3, 444 km coastline which excludes the islands. Its maritime claims include the territorial sea 12 nm, contiguous zone 12 nm, exclusive economic zone 200 nm, continental shelf 200 nm or to the demonstrate of the continental margin. Its climate tropical in south, monsoon in northeastward with hot, rainy conciliate and warm, dry season in mid-October to mid-March. Its terrain includes junior-grade, flat delta in south and north central highlands hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest. (See Vietnam. About Geography). The hist ory of Vietnamese Americans began with the end of the Viet Nam War in 1975. On 28 January 1973, later onwards having dog-tired years and millions of dollars financing the Viet Nam War, the joined States government reluctantly agreed to withdraw its financial and military proceeds after signing the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Viet Nam.The peace engagement was signed by representatives of the United States, the Republic of Viet Nam (South Viet Nam), and the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam (North Viet Nam) in Paris. The agreement committed the United States and other signatories to respect the independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of Viet Nam, called for prisoners of war to be exchanged, and declared an in-place cease fire. Soon after the withdrawal of the United States military and economic support, the military situation deteriorated rapidly for the government of South Viet Nam.The shoot of the Vietnamese refugees really began withi n the country, with the North Vietnamese military offensive of mid-March 1975 resulting in the defeats at Pleiku, Kontum, and put away Me Thuot. As a result of this military offensive about one million refugees poured out of these areas and headed for Saigon and the coast. closely traveled by foot, few were fortunate enough to travel by car, truck, or motor bike. On 30 April 1975, the capital of South Viet Nam, and thus South Viet Nam, came under the control of the Provisional Revolutionary Government. This resulted in the flight of the Vietnamese refugees to the United States.Vietnamese refugees were not immigrants who chose to come to the U. S. for better political, social, and economic opportunities. Their migration was for the most furcate unplanned and out of desperation. Vietnamese emigration is generally divided into two degrees, each with several waves. The inaugural period began in April 1975 and continued by 1977. This period included the first three waves of Vietna mese refugees in the United States. The first wave of refugees, involving nigh ten to fifteen thousand people, began at least a week to ten days before the collapse of the government.The second wave, and probably the largest in yields, involved some eighty thousand, who were evacuated by aircraft during the last days of April. The evacuation of American personnel, their dependents, and Vietnamese affiliated with them was achieved through hulk helicopters under Operation Frequent Wind. These individuals were relatively well-educated, spoke some English, had some skills that were marketable, came from urban areas, and were westernized. Members of these two waves were principally Vietnamese who worked for the U. S. government, American firms, or the Vietnamese government.All were thought to be prepared for life in the United States on the basis of their contact with the American government and association with Americans. The final wave during this period involved forty to sixty th ousand people who left(a) on their own in subatomic boats, ships, and commandeered aircraft during the first two weeks of May 1975. They were later transferred to Subic Bay, Philippines and Guam Island after having been picked up, in many cases, by U. S. Navy and incumbrance ships standing off the coast. A second period of the Vietnamese refugee migration began in 1978.Since the fall of South Viet Nam in 1975, many Vietnamese confine tried to escape the political oppression, the major social, and political and economic reforms instituted by the authoritarian government of North Viet Nam. Although the influx continues steadily, the numbers are no time-consuming as spacious as they once were. A significant characteristic of this period, especially between the years 1978 to 1980, is the large number of ethnic Chinese migrating out of Viet Nam and Cambodia. In addition to the ethnic Chinese, there were many Vietnamese who left during this period.These individuals have been called boat people because the majority of them escaped in homemade, poorly constructed boats and wooden vessels. Due to slim vessels, scant cogniseledge of navigational skills, limited amount of provisions, and numerous attacks by Thai sea pirates, the oddment rate of the boat people was and is very high. Many of the boat people are awaiting their fate in refugee camps throughout Southeast Asia. In addition, since 1979 many former receiving countries are turning away refugees because of the economic, political, and social strains that they are allegedly precipitating.(See Vietnam War. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia). The areas where they settled after their migration were in the states of California, Texas, Louisiana, Washington, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Florida. As a result of the captain resettlement, the secondary migration process, and the length of time since their first arrival in 1975, Vietnamese refugees have been able to afford communities throughout the United States, but are generally located in metropolitan and urban areas.Since the Vietnamese were forced to leave their country as a result of the war, personal chastisements such as turn proficient in English, separating from families, and dealing with war memories are pressing issues. Because many Vietnamese did not know English, learning a new and different language became an important criterion for adjusting to new living conditions in the United States. In addition, the Dispersal Policy forced many extended families to separate, and some Vietnamese have found themselves in new and unfamiliar communities without family or the community support networks which were of great importance in Viet Nam.Finally, because of the traumatic experiences incurred while leaving their homeland, many experience depression, anxiety, alienation, a sense of helplessness, and recurring war nightmares. To imbibe into the United States economically as quickly as possible, many Vietnamese were forced to obtain low paying jobs. Even for those who were professionals in their country, their credentials failed to transferor simply were not accepted in the United States. The large number of people who were members of the military had skills which were no longer marketable.And, because many did not have the necessary skills to square off high paying jobs, both men and women have had to find employment. It is easier for women to find employment, especially in the service and low-skill sectors, and women began to occupy positions traditionally held by men. That is, women have succeeded in achieving a degree of economic independence through their employment outside the home. In some cases, women support the entire family while the men receive skilful or educational training for occupations with specific skills.Family conflicts between husbands and wives resulted as an unfortunate side effect. Since women were more plausibly to find jobs than men and in some instances became the only income earner, traditional family roles and authority were changing. Men were no longer the sole provider for the family and their authority was no longer as clear as it was in Viet Nam. in that location were a number of substantial of Vietnamese who are attending prestigious colleges and universities throughout America.Upon graduation, these individuals have in any case become members of the professional group or skilled workers in America. However, while there has been some victor in the field of education, Vietnamese Americans are not a model minority. After the fall of Viet Nam in 1975, only a small group of children continued their education. Many younger Vietnamese had problems adjusting to American school. Those who seemed to be having the most problems adjusting are those who came either as unaccompanied minors or the recent arrivals.These individuals primarily immigrated after 1975 and most likely came at an age when it was difficult to learn a new language and adjust to a new societ y some have turned to gangs, drugs, gambling, and other illegal activities. The formation of early days gangs might have resulted from their inability to catch up with their peers in schools, their unfamiliarity with a strange land, and perhaps their alienation from their families due to cultural gaps. ( See The New Migrants from Asia Vietnamese in the United States. Organization of American Historians).