The Effect of Music on Behavior and Health Essay

The Effect of Music on Behavior and Health - Essay ExampleMusic, a composition of rhythm, melody and harmony has been an important part of the forgiving life for ages. Starting from the earliest civilizations, when rise flutes and jaw harps were employ as instruments to the present day when guitars, violin and piano have replaced them. Music has been considered as a mode of communication in all the civilizations. The message of one man can be conveyed to many in a rather persuasive way with the help of euphony. People are more(prenominal) inclined to listen and follow if something is conveyed through music. Preachers from different religions have make up this mode of communication actually helpful and it has been very successful too. Though music too has changed with time just ever separate thing we know but its importance and effects on human mind and body rest the same. The use of music as an inexpensive, nonpenetrating and pleasant medicine is not new. A fivefold decrease in the anxiety and stress of the patients was observed after a mere music therapy of 30 minutes. The use of music in reducing anxiety in patients of different mental disorders like schizophrenia and dementia has been found to be very useful. Music is said to have a power which can energize the human body and mind. Music is supposed to enhance the self healing mechanisms of the body providing comfort and relaxation. Music has been used recently in the cognitive development of children. Norton et al. in 2006 indicated the significant development of the brain of the children who had been to music variance or got some type of music training

Mental health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mental health - Essay exampleDue to this broad concept of mental health there deplete been a set of studies b bely a number of writers out of which some are supporting each other and some are contradictory. Mental health has been studies in the different form it gets manifested and with different factors that either directly or indirectly influence mental health. These studies have focused on different influential factors from the society, personal, and cultural components of a backup being. We will be focusing on the work done by four writers Pedersen, Patterson, Weinrach, and Speight. All these writers have written a number of articles which are presenting different views. Weinrach and speight say Although racial discrimination exists, both at bottom and outside of the counseling context, the Competencies do little to combat it. In fact, the Competencies actually upgrade viewing persons principally as members of specific racial and ethnic groups. The Competencies exist at a symbolic and an applied level. epoch-making problems exist for mental health counselors at both of these levels. The Competencies greatest flaw is their preoccupation with perceived deficits in clients, the counseling profession, and American society. It is virtually impossible to separate the content of the Competencies from the political process that has surrounded efforts to promote their universal adoption (Weinrach and Thomass 2004).Most of their work is focused on multicultural counseling and mental using and also the impact of ones competencies and mental development secondary to that. This in conclusion factor that culture has a major role to play in mental development though competencies index do the same but not as efficiently as multicultural counseling. At the macro instruction level, individuals and families are the target and the mental health practitioners derive their

Energy Conservation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Energy Conservation - Research Paper ExampleThough the imperative to conserve strength is as old as the use of zip itself (Wulfinghoff, n.d.) it could be argued that the modern push for energy preservation has been driven by overreliance on fossil fuels and the accompanying fear over their rate of depletion, rising be of fossil fuels and the effects of fossil fuels on the environment. Herein we can single out the production of degree Celsius dioxide and other greenhouse gases that lead to global warming as a significant environmental job within energy conservation.Greenhouse gases argon those gases that absorb and emit heat in the atmosphere e.g. carbon copy dioxide, methane, water vapor and nitrous oxide. Water vapor and carbon dioxide are the greatest contributors to the greenhouse effect. However, correspond to Jacob (1999) water vapor resides in the atmosphere for a period of about nine days before it condenses and precipitates, unlike carbon dioxide and the other greenho use gases which mix in the atmosphere and reside there for years. It is this insufficiency of natural processes to remove the greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide that leads to the earth heating up because the gases instal heat within our atmosphere.Seas / lakes, vegetation, land, wildlife and livestock are some of the living and nonliving factors that contribute to or are affected by energy conservation. Seas have a huge potential with regards to providing an alternative line of energy in the form of wave or tidal energy. Tidal energy provides a renewable source of electricity that should lessen our dependence on fossil fuels thus reduce our emissions of greenhouse gases. However, it must be noted that harnessing tidal energy through building of dams near bays or estuaries could result in prejudicial impacts on aquatic and shoreline ecosystems (Ocean Energy Council, n.d.). Secondly, utilising seas/oceans for energy generation would reduce the need to open up more oil explor ation in the seas which could lead to leaks and

IB biology HL lab Investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate and Report - 1

IB biology HL Investigate the effects of sodium bicarbonate and light-colored ardor on the rate of photosynthesis of leaves through the observation of floating switch discs - science laboratory Report ExampleIn this experiment, the aim is to investigate on the effects of sodium bicarbonate and the intensity of light on the photosynthesis rate in green spinach leaves through the use of floating interchange disks. Being autotrophic organisms, leaves depend on the photosynthesis process that occurs in a series of enzyme mediated steps to capture light and build energy rich carbohydrates. Leaves, when put under water undergo the light-dependent response process, thereby producing and releasing oxygen to their interior parts thus, causing them to rise. However, during the same process, another process, cellular respiration, takes key out and consumes the produced oxygen. Therefore, this implies that leaves must be possessed of provided the source of carbon that would allow for ph otosynthesis to take place (Renger, 2008).The available carbon dioxide pair with the amount of light that the plant receives, the rate of photosynthesis is influenced. With the aspect of sodium bicarbonate arising from the CO2, it is predictable that the same would have an effect on photosynthesis rate. In this lab report, data shall be presented for the variables of the study in categories of control, dependent and fissiparous variables. The data collected shall be in the form of number of disks that floated during the experiment when subjected under different intensities of light and solutions.The hypothesis is that when the green spinach leaves are exposed to higher light intensities in the presence of the sodium bicarbonate, less time will be taken for the leaf disks to float. This is for the reason that there is an increase in the production rate of oxygen during the photosynthesis process that the leaf disks undergo.Upon setting up an experiment in the recommended mode usin g all the laboratory materials and procedures, the following data was recorded in relation to the number of leaf disks that float to the top of

Ethnic History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethnic History - Essay ExampleFor purposes of this brief response, this student will attempt to demonstrate the ways in which individuals from a Muslim terra firma engage with and consider their ethnic history. Although the topics which will be represented will further help to shed a level of intellect on some of the ways in which current levels of trust and suspicion continue to exist with regards to the relations that individuals from an Islamic background and/or from the Middle East or North Africa share with regards to an interpretation of their own history.Firstly, when one begins to address an ethnic history, it is a means of understanding that necessarily divides groups into us vs. them. Such a construct is not necessarily bad rather, it is just another way of seeking to provide a level of understanding for why the world has developed in the unique way that it is has. This us versus them attitude is especially reclaimable in situations in which a colonizer of entity h as been present. This is of course very much the case when it comes to many of the Islamic regions within North Africa and end-to-end the Middle East. In this way, trying to understand the way that a graphic symbol of shared ethnic history has developed would not be complete without first trying to understand that indelible imprint that the period of European colonization and control affected on the collective ethnic memories of the subjugated people throughout the Middle East, North Africa and elsewhere in the Islamic Maghreb (Leong et al 2013). subsequently the collapse of the Ottoman Empire soon after the end of the First World War, European powers right away exerted their influence throughout the remnants of the power vacuum that existed. What was unique about this situation as compared to what occurred elsewhere throughout Africa and Southeast Asia during the same period was the fact that many of these Islamic lands had recently transitioned away from the grip of the

Change & Continuity in Contemporary Business Essay

Change & Continuity in Contemporary trade - Essay ExampleIt also enthused the workforce with renewed vision of the go with and provided clarity to them with regard to their roles in the makeover of the organization. Yet, the transformation could be called only a part success since this transformation has not solved the companys major problem of ageing median age of its customers. The company would be again squeeze to brainstorm in order to tackle this situation. In the hurry to tackle immediate crisis, it has not make any provision for future market changes. It is yet to act as per the perceived changes in the approaching years.Eventually, the report recommends that Harley Davidson should seek its future in newer market segments with new products. Among its employees, it should train and guide a elect set of people to catch the signs of advancing change in the market scenario and take steps to germinate accordingly. It also recommends the organization to diversify in other autom obile segments such as cars and commercial vehicles.As evident from the time bar above, Harley Davidson saw lots of ups and downs before it entered the transformation phase. Harley Davidson, in its early geezerhood was the only motorcycle manufacturer in America and ruled the motorcycle market. However, it was caught unawares when foreign entrants swamp the market with innovative, quality and affordable products. The Japanese players catered to newer market segments untapped by Harley. The change in counselling of the company and the new managements haste to catch up with the competitors added to the woes of the company which was already damage from declined market share. The company slumped to its lowest in terms of market share i.e. 23%. It was at this prognosticate that few of its managers decided to take over the company. They tried to understand the strengths of the competitors and the weaknesses of their own organization and brought about a fresh insight into work. Under the able leadership

Central Bank of GCC Gulf Cooperation Council Assignment

primordial Bank of GCC disjuncture Cooperation Council - Assignment Examplethat the framing of in force(p) monetary as well as fiscal policies will be one of the prime aspects to be taken into concern while designing the structure of GCC Central Bank. From the conduct of various studies, it can be found that the objectives and the functions that hold by GCC Central Bank will significantly lead the economies of the respective Gulf nations to attain immense growth.The Central Banks belonging to varied nations have been playing a decisive agency in the developmental process of economies for numerous years. These sorts of financial intermediaries aid in progressing the economies of respective nations in toll of recognizing adequate monetary flow. It is worth mentioning that Central Banks not only look upon stabilizing the monetary policies, exclusively also focuses on maintaining internal monitory stability by controlling the inflationary atmospheric pressure. This inflationary pr essure is mainly created owing to the persistence of inelasticity in adequate monetary transactions (Bank for International Settlement, 2009). The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is mainly viewed to be a political and economic association, which mainly regulates the financial policies of six Gulf countries of Middle East. From a historical perspective, it will be vital to mention that GCC was mainly established in the year 1981in Riyadh, Saudia Arabia. It operates in six Gulf countries namely Saudia Arabia, Kuwait, United Arab Erminates, Qatar, Bahrain and Oman. Specially mentioning, the monetary policies and the economic growth of these Gulf countries atomic number 18 not regulated by the Central Bank (Sturm et al., 2008).With this concern, the assignment intends to conduct a comprehensive epitome of GCC Central Bank with considering varied significant aspects. These aspects comprise recommending the structure of GCC Central Bank, identifying similarities or differences with that of the European Central Bank and assessing the imperative functions as well as objectives of the same.While

Managament of Specific Risk Exposures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managament of Specific Risk Exposures - try on Exampleal 1996).Environmental auditing helps identify the problem areas. This would aid in developing schemes and precedencies by which the different issues whitethorn be dealt. Environmental auditors objective with regard to this particular construction work is to blank the defilement of the water table and the running stream as these areas are assigned for tiny parks in spite of appearance the new Village.The main objective of the new executive director of the council is to chink through the completion of the cypher. He has to see to it that every last(predicate) the employees whether temporary or otherwise is satisfied once the project gets over. It is his duty to see that all the legal rules and regulations are followed by the company.The main objective of the promise construction workers is to earn as a great deal as possible till such time the project lasts. As these workers are not enduring but are contracted for a par ticular job their aim is to make money which tycoon see them through in the lean season as well.The union of the workers feels that since the executive is new there may be some hitch in their relationship with regard to the workers welfare. The union also feels that the new administrator may handle workers roughly which great power lead to disaster.The environmental auditor... The union also feels that the new administrator may handle workers roughly which might lead to disaster.Risk to the environmental auditorsThe environmental auditors perceive essay with regard to cleaning the contaminated water table. Since no companies are available at the local to clean the polluted water the company is at a high risk of not getting the project approved. Risk perceived by Wishford Bird Lovers SocietyThere are three nests of the orange plumose cuckoo (listed as an endangered species) in areas designated for new houses. The Wishford Bird lovers Society feel that these birds may reincarnat e to other places when they (birds) perceive danger to their breeding and nesting. Risk to Wishford Councils new administratorSince the administrator is new it might take some time for him to adjust with the other employees and to gain their confidence. Gaining the confidence of employees has to be achieved within no time or else the project may take more time for completion. Apart from this since he is a new employee it might take some time for him to study the present workers and the rules and regulations of the council.Risks to Hartford Brown contracted construction workersContracted workers at construction sites are always in danger of contacting occupational diseases. They also are exposed to some highly dangerous materials like asbestos which might be used in construction works.Q.1.(c)The overall project manager can draft all the risks attributed to the different stakeholders and form a report. This report has to be prepared in consultation of each of the stakeholders by ident ifying risks involved in their respective(prenominal) areas. The risk arising directly from the project has to be segregated from other risks which might rise

Emotional and Behavior Disorders Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Emotional and Behavior Disorders - grant ExampleThis study stresses that emotional or behavioral disorders ar classified into three groups, namely internalizing factors, meek incidence disorder and externalizing. Behavior disorders can to a fault be inherited through an individuals genes or because of a chemical imbalance in ones brain because of an injury bear on in the brains. Youth exposed to violence, death of a family member(s), abuse and extreme stress are also prone to suffering from behavior and emotional disorders. 8 emotional and behavioral disorders Characteristics/Traits Commonly Used Medications Recommended healing(predicate) Interventions Recommended Educational Interventions Disorder Name Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) From this paper it is clear that the impact child is unable to pay attention to anything. The affected child is easily distracted and not ceaselessly active. The child is not still. The use of stimulant and non-stimulant medicatio ns like atomoxetine are median(prenominal)ly recommended. Induced psychosis in methylphenidate is also recommended as medication. Lisdexamfetamin, Dextroamphetamine, Amphetamine-Dextroamphetamine are also the common medication. The Team Approach should be effectively use in which the parents, therapist, psychologist, teachers and the school, and physician should work together to focus on interventions, like consistent use of wages systems, techniques and schedules to help in mastering of skills. People should be made aware of the causes of these conditions and disallowive measures put in place to prevent occurrence. Treatment should also be sought as early as manageable for people who are affected. Disorder Name Severe Depression Loss of concentration in normal activities. The affected child experiences changes in appetite and feels hopeless. Lack of value towards life which may lead to mischievous behaviors and suicide. Various antidepressants are used in the interference o f depression and conditions related to depression. They include Tricyclic antidepressant, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, selective Serotonin Inhibitors reuptake inhibitors and Serotin & norepinephrine Inhibitors. Interpersonal Therapies and cognitive behavioral therapies should be used in the treatment of severe depression. People should be made aware of the causes of these conditions and preventive measures put in place to prevent occurrence. Treatment should also be sought as early as possible for people who are affected. Disorder Name Eating Disorders

Teaching Demonstration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Teaching Demonstration - Essay ExampleThis enhances their acquisition of actual meaning. to each one 5x7 card willinging have a picture on it of the noun or verb (thing or action) that the player will try to air to the class. The target word will be under the picture on the card. The forbidden words will be listed on the card with light red lines through them in a X ( perplexed proscribed).The teacher will ask students for synonyms and related words and write them on the board. Then the teacher will cross out the words with an X to show that these words atomic number 18 taboo. The class will dispute what taboo means.Teacher This is the target word. (Teacher points to the word Truck.) These crossed out words in red are taboo. You cannot use them. Who can think of other words you can use to get person to say this word without seeing the picture? Raise your hand and I will call on you.The teacher should carry on demonstrating and maybe using a student or two and fate them until the class becomes very involved. Points can be given to each student who successfully communicates a word. Each student to guess the word becomes the next communicator. The lesson can be timed or limited by the number of cards available. When all of the allotted cards are used or time runs out the student with the most points is the winner. The game can also be played by dividing the students into two teams and change players in the same way or simply having each team member take a turn as communicator.This game is fun and easy to prepare. Even the students can make their own cards for the game and each team can contribute a set of cards for the game. Hu (2002) said that tralatitious teaching methods with grammar and vocabulary drill and practice failed to develop an adequate level of communicative competence (i.e. the strength to use the target language for authentic communication). With this game two things are accomplished 1) the students are

I) Outline the sources of the English Law in the order of their Essay

I) scheme the bases of the English Law in the order of their importance. (400 words) ii) How important is Equity in this respect (400 words) - Essay typefaceFor instance the development of non-monetary amends like injunctions and decrees of specific performance was brought in by Equity.Legislation is the greennessest source of new uprightness of natures or of law reform after the Seventeenth century. The most vital legislation is Acts of fantan which is cognize as primary legislation. This becomes binding only after approval in the House of greens and the House of Lords after which it gets the Royal Assent from the Queen.The doctrine of precedent is defined as The common law principle which binds a judge or a magistrate to follow previous same decision of higher(prenominal) courts in the similar hierarchy also known as stare decisis (Vickery & Pendleton 2006). The doctrine of precedent derives from common law and law of equity, which is English-made laws that aims to be fa ir and treat all equally, so that the decisions by the courts are foreseeable and consistent in resolving disputes. There are binding and persuasive precedents, which binding precedents are known as ratio decidendi when the final order or res judicata by the court is made to the ready parties, and it has a legal effect based on the key reasons for the decision. This includes passed decisions by the higher courts in the same hierarchy in similar cases, will be utilise for future similar cases so at that place are consistent remedies or sanctions under common law. An example of a precedent being used was in the final decision of The House of Lords case in 1932, for the Donoghue V Stevenson case.1 The House of Lords case was similar as manufacturers have the duty of care when selling their products, and ensure they are safe to consume. Therefore this precedent was legally binding and enforced by common law for a similar outcome.English law prior to the intro of the rule of equity w as chiefly ruled by crude Law. Blackstone (2001) specified Common Law as the

Finance and Public Administrators Research Paper

Finance and Public Administrators - Research Paper Example on that point are also a number of roads that need to be repaired and the plan is to start with the ones that watch the greatest need. In addition to those capital requirements the expenses relating to the day to day operations of the city needs to be taken into account. Non-profit organizations play a useful role in the city and so a accepted level of funding is norm every(prenominal)y made available to them so that they can continue to achieve their goals. The calculate According to Horngren et al (2000, p. 178 -180), a cipher is the financial plan of an organization which is communicated in quantitative terms. It forms a blueprint for management to follow in an upcoming extremity and outlines the operational goals for a specific period of time. It states where financial resources will come from and what they will be used for. Planning is achieved through the budgeting process and forms the buttocks for decisions mad e by management. Horngren further states that budgets represent a major aspect management control systems. As long as they are administered in an appropriate manner they have the following characteristics. they compel formulation they provide criteria for performance and they promote the coordination and communication of activities in the organization. Planning is a major function of the budget as it seeks to quantify the plan. The plan specifies the type, quantity and quality of services that will be provided, estimating the salutes and decision making how they will be paid for. The Council prepares the estimates of income than will be generated from various services provided at a cost by the city. These services include and are not limited to transportation, water and sewage. Other income generators include property tax and corporation tax, and income tax. The expenditure includes twain capital and current expenditures. The performance criteria are useful both for staff and f or sub-contractors who perform jobs in the city. They set the standard for achieving the goals and objectives of the departments. In coordinating and communicating the plan all the management personnel in these departments coordinate the tasks for their subordinates so that the goals of Council will be achieved. The objectives of the departments are communicated in such(prenominal) a way that they are clearly understood by employees. Controlling and administering the budget helps to ensure that resources are obtained and expended based on plans. Budgets are used to monitor the flow of resources to ensure that they are used as intended and that there are no significant over-runs. According to Chan (2009) the annual budget prepared in the public sector is not only a planning document but also includes projections of revenue enhancement collection as the law authorizes well as information on expenditure that has been proposed by executives and O.K. by the legislature. This implies th at the budget is used as tool for management control as well legislative oversight. Any transactions and activities undertaken have to be in keeping with the budget. Chan (2009) indicates that this type of accounting is described as management accounting in business and budgetary accounting in the public sector. It is in this alike(p) way that the City Council will go about controlling and managing public funds. Table 2 shows a summary version of the citys budget for the fiscal year ending 31st parade 2012. Summary of Budgeted Expenditure for the Fiscal Year Ending 31 March 2012 Budget Allocation/ taxation $10,000,0000

Individual Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

unmarried - Assignment ExampleIn these scene the actions are d one in order. The cat deals to see the blow which in turn moves a demeanor from the cat. The method ti turn the cats head to face the walk is this.cat gethead, turn ToFace this.mouse, the animation style used is Begin_And_End_Gently with a duration of 1.0 seconds. The method used in moving the mouse away is this.mouse gethead, turn ToFace this.cat, the animation style used is Begin_And_End_Gently with a duration of 1.0 seconds.the mouse then takes one step forward by lifting its right knee as shown above. The method involved is this.mouse get dearHip turn Right with a distance of 0.25. the hip is then dropped down and the next lifted.The cat on the other pot lifts its back left hip and back right hip at the same time. In this way the mouse is always one step ahead of the cat. This is are the final method and they are looped end-to-end the game.Farooq, M. (2012, October 5). Creating a Scene by Adding and Positioning Objects. Retrieved March 4, 2015, from Slideshare

PepsiCo Restaurants Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PepsiCo Restaurants - Case excogitate ExampleSecondly, both creasees have the capabilities of pay backing as COC has invested in technology, which might end up macrocosm cost effective while CPK has replaced advertising with store openings, which is more profitable. In addition, COC has many clients around the globe, and then this leave benefit PepsiCo by enabling it to enter the new competitive market and supply its products to uncollectible entities in the globe. Concurrently, acquiring CPK will be beneficial to PepsiCo because CPK has committed employees, which will increase PepsiCos project force (Harvard business school 13).PepsiCo adds value to all its eating place business because before it purchases any restaurant or launches a product, it formulates a strategic mean to direct it. In the restaurant industry, the strategic plan that guides PepsiCo believes that fast food restaurants will be on demand for the coming decades therefore, it is a preferable business for i nvestment (Harvard business school 6). To gauge the value that PepsiCo adds to these restaurants, one can consider the situation in Pizza Hut, Taco Bell and KFC. The cooperate resources and core skills that PepsiCo apply in its business include the selling strategies, finance, operations, human resources and information systems (Harvard business school 3).Let us say that PepsiCo makes the acquisition of the two same companies, how should PepsiCo structure the reporting relationship of its newly acquired units with the rest of the company?After acquiring CPK and COC, PepsiCo CEO will structure his reporting so that he explains to the rest of the company that each of the acquired restaurants operates on its own, but they bonny collaborated to share their views. The COE will insist that they conduct their business transparently concurrently, they are helping other businesses to grow (Harvard business school 10).The current organization of PepsiCo restaurants makes long-term sense be cause it is a great business direct at a fair

Power and control as related to the movie The Book of Eli Research Paper

Power and control as related to the movie The curb of Eli - Research Paper ExampleIn wide strokes, the film likewise dramatises after a Hesperian plot the man with no name, a more peculiar, comes into town, executes the scalawags, and leaves. Be that as it may The Book of Eli, variant to most hostile to religious Westerns, insists the force of God and investigates how religion could be utilized for great or sick. Eli is the model of the positive force of religion. Soon after the war, Eli heard a voice, probably Gods, controlling him to see to it the last duplicate of the Bible in presence, covered under rubble. The voice let him know to take the Bible west and let him know he might be secured from anybody and anything (The Book of Eli). This insurance is depict throughout every battle scene in the film. In the initial two, groups of hooligans debilitate Eli with blades and clubs as tardily witnessed in Nigeria where dozens were killed because of struggle over power (NBC). Eli tries to defuse the circumstances, conversing with them and battling if all else fails. Be that as it may when he battles, he is unstoppable, moving with economy and effortlessness, uniquely in contrast to the blundering scalawags. This sign is clear to his adversaries as the boss lowlife, Carnegie, notes Nobody can deal with themselves as you do. In the later two battles, the scoundrels strike him with weapons. just their shots bafflingly miss, while Eli shoots with destructive precision. The lowlifes face stumble regarding this. The hooligans propose that hes secured by one means or other in that he cant be touched. Carnegie negates them. Hes simply a man. Put a projectile in him and hell go down. Late in the film, Carnegie tests this, shooting Eli, and abandoning him for dead. However Eli survives, climbing again to keep strolling west, demonstrating Carnegie off (The Holy Bible).Where Eli is intrigued by peace, staying away

The Religious Traditions of Buddhism and Confucianism Essay Example for Free

The Religious Traditions of Buddhism and Confucianism EssayNo other force in our collective history is as influential in shaping our terra firma as religious belief has been. It is a force that continues to define and redefine the human being as we know it. Nations and countries make up been established and destroyed all in the name of morality. Political lines argon being redrawn until now as we speak with religion as the main weapon of choice. No other force can go people and compel them to serve as much as religion does. It keeps followers together flat while it keeps people of different faith out. It is source of cohesion and conflict at the like measure (Cristi, 2001, p.223) People who would not normally use force on another will gladly dispute in the name of faith. A call to arms in the name of religion is the best elan to assemble an army, fueled with righteous anger against the perceived enemy. Most, if not all civil wars stimulate been fought in the name o f religion. The enduring conflict in Northern Ireland between Catholics and Protestant, as well as the military force of Buddhists in Sri Lanka against the Hindu Tamil proves such a point. For all its awe nearly power, the exact nature of religion remains shrouded in history.Some scholars cin one caseptualise that religion arose from mans necessity to make ace of living, and his compelling fatality to understand the mysteries of life. (Hume 24) Over the years, religion has come to be defined as an create system of practices structured around some supernatural or presage belief. Religion is faith nice in the context of reality. They are rules that guide certain kind of faith or belief. (Derrida Vattimo 6) Most cultures that cost in the world today are greatly influenced by the predominant religion of their respective places.The around common manifestations of religion can be seen through prayers, rites, and traditions that certain religious denominations practice. The most dominant religions of the world include Catholicism, Islam, Jew, and Hinduism. Other religions such as Protestantism are offshoots of Catholicism. Some, like Confucianism and Theravada Buddhism remain contentious. Some regard the 2 as religion, while others argue otherwise. The question is how did others came to be recognized as religions while others remain enigmatical?How do we make the distinction between religion and religious traditions? This paper argues that while Confucianism and Theravada Buddhism may not be religion, they are nevertheless religious traditions by virtue of their organized and specific rules of behavior. Theravada Buddhism is the dominant train of Buddhism. The two major schools of Buddhism that emerged from Buddhas teachings are simply different representations of the same core principles. At world-class it may seem contradictory that a philosophy that espouses non-violence and universal tolerance will have a division.However, t present exists neither conflict nor competition within these two main schools and the schools that followed after the schools are much of a reflection of the place, time, and circumstance where Buddhism grew and became a way of life. Because cultures and histories differ, our perspectives on Buddhas teachings can differ as well. (Gyatso 113) The emphasis of Theravada Buddhism is on individual attainment of nirvana, as opposed to enlightenment for all as advocated by Mahayana.Mahayana believes that Buddhists should not just be concerned most their own enlightenment, but aim to enlighten others even if it means sacrificing their own (Gyatso 168). The Mahayana form has much religious conventions, including theology or veneration Buddha and other divine beings. They also venerate sacred objects and icons and follow certain religious rituals. Theravada Buddhists, as an offshoot of their beliefs do not have the same features of the Mahayana. The selfish orientation and the unadorned nature of Theravada Budd hism perpetuate the perception of a non-religion.However, it should be said that apart from this fundamental difference, these two major schools adhere to basically the same principles. (Gyatso 170). For purposes of clarity, Buddhism, as discussed here refers to Theravada Buddhism because it is the school that is most often the target of religious debate. Buddhism has more close to 400 millions of followers worldwide. Buddhists ascribe to certain ways of living and behaviors that are unique to their faith. The main debate whether Buddhism is a religion or not stems from the accompaniment that Buddhists do subscribe to the belief of an all-knowing and all-powerful deity.Buddhists do not worship whatever sentient, supreme being and in the same vein, they do not have specific beliefs about the time to come and the world that exists therein. The association of religion with the belief in gods and afterworlds to the exclusion of everything else is a mistaken picture that most people stubbornly adhere to. epoch belief in gods and some form of afterlife is a common characteristic of most religions, it is not a feature that distinguishes religion from those that are not.It may be argued that while Buddhism has no specific god who they believe can save them, they nevertheless have some instinct of the divine or the ultimate truth a truth that Buddhists believe any sensation individual can attain by their own determination. For Buddhists, aces love for of ones self is the chain that bonds us to a life of suffering and only by spare-time activity Buddhas path can a person be liberated from the cycle of causation and rebirth. license from causality is the adduce of nirvana (William 142). Buddhists believe that our world is a world of suffering and causality, where one action causes another to take place.Followers of Buddhism denounce violence and espouse the principles of non-violence in all aspects of their constitutes. The virtue of nonviolent resistance i s one the key precepts of Buddhism, which is why followers are strict vegetarians and pacifists, Another major tenet of Buddhism is venture. Buddhists believe that by going into your own thoughts, you cleanse and purify your soul. Meditation, while relaxing the body, sharply focuses the mind, thus enable us to purge negative energy and achieve clarity of thought.Meditation is a keystone in Buddhism without which one cannot achieve the awakening that they are looking for (William 167). Meditation as a cornerstone of Buddhism came from the accompaniment that Buddha himself attained enlightenment after a long period of mediation. For Buddhists the conjecture technique produces a sense of calm, but it does not entirely lead us away from all of our sufferings. Regardless of the proven benefits that meditation brings, it does not provide a complete pathway to enlightenment. Buddhists combine calm meditation with or insight meditation (William 198).Calming the body and then calming the mind. This type of meditation is intended for the development of a heightened sense of sentience about the world and our place in it. It asks us to be aware of what we are doing at the precise moment we are doing it. Some people call this process metacognition, or awareness of our awareness. Once this is achieved and sustained, then enlightenment will soon follow. The origin of Buddhism is traced to an Indian prince named Siddhartha, who, in spite of the riches and power that surrounded him found no true happiness in them.Siddhartha had a lingering discontentment there was a compelling need for him to find the meaning and purpose of life a need so urgent that he was willing to leave the comforts and safety of his home in front of answers. And so Siddhartha travelled the world in search for his personal truth. It took many years and experiences and deep reflections, until one day, under the Bo Tree, he found infinite clarity and illumination. (Penney 17) From thereon, he called himself Buddha which means the enlightened one.He proceed on his travels but this time to teach the path of enlightenment to those who seek it. It is important to note that some Buddhist scholars fall into the trap of analyzing Buddhas teachings that they neglect the actual spiritual experiences of Buddha, which is more important than the first. To reaching the spirit of Buddha, it is necessary to know the experiences of Buddha himself. Enlightenment, which is the final goal of all Buddhists, is an irresponsible state of acceptance and the absolute absence of discrimination, ignorance, and suffering.By ignorance, Buddha means spiritual unawareness, the inability to consciously seek the truth and recognize it once it has been found. In the end, the message of Buddhism is clear, that one must follow the Middle Path or take a detached view of reality for an individual to see his involvement and separation from everything in life. Once this state of detachment has been achieved, the n will come the realization of how our live are empty in its absolute oneness with the universe.This realization of emptiness is achieved when one seeks constant awareness of experience and thought through meditation and by consciously taking the Middle Path in all of lifes extremes. While Buddhism if more focused on existential experiences, it does have the same goals as other forms of religion vicissitude and growth. Religion, through the prescription of certain doctrines and rules of behavior, seeks the betterment of all its followers. Buddhism encompasses all aspects of the followers life. In fact it might be argued that Buddhism is more stringent in their rules as other denominations of faith.Because Buddhists are not instrumental to any god, they do not claim monopoly of truth and salvation as well. Would-be-followers are not coerce to forsake their original religion as long as they follow the Buddhist way of life, which is non-negotiable. The same religious issues beset Co nfucian philosophy. The absence of an omniscient potentiate excludes it from the list of what the world recognizes as religion as well. Confucianism was based on the teachings of Confucius, renowned ancient Chinese philosopher.While Buddhism focuses on suffering and enlightenment, Confucianism is more about human behavior in the context of civilized society. During the Qing Dynasty, Confucian teachings were organized and proclaimed as Chinas state religion. (Yao 28) This political move stained the publics perception of Confucianism, making it even more difficult to be classified as a religion. However, Confucianism is strictly about how to live a morally upright life based on good deeds and good citizenship. disrespect this political underpinings, Confucianism remains the ideology of choice for most Chinese.

Wrong reason Essay Example for Free

Wrong basis EssayIt is sad that some marriages begin for what may be labeled a wrong reason. most marriages were entered expressly for physical reasons. Perhaps the participants were infatuated with the others looks. Sexual gratification has no doubt given assume to many wed locks. Physical appearances change as age sets in and these marriages land in the carve up courts. Infidelity often crops up in these marriages but as said in Hebrews 134, unification is honorable among only, and the bed undefiled but fornicators and adulterers God w unhinged judge. Being unfaithfulness in a marriage relationship is a sure way to bring about troubles and divorce. Gods design for the home is angiotensin-converting enzyme man and one wife. there is no place for a second wife, a second conserve, a concubine, a mistress, etc. The intimacy and fidelity which a marriage is to make up can melt outside(a) when either partner turns to someone else for love and companionship. If the two ha ve become one flesh, then in that respect is no place for a third in the mix. A nonher challenge which arises occasionally is in-laws who desire to inject in a marriage.There is nothing wrong with advice, helpful suggestions, and offers to give a hand, but when ext terminate family become involved in a marriage more than they ought, it is time to establish appropriate boundaries immediately. Whether from the husbands or the wifes side, the in-laws must be made aw ar of their proper connection to the relationship. They ar encouragers of, not participants in the marriage. more youngsters marry in order to spite their p arnts. A technical reason to get into wedlock is because parents did not like him/her. These marriages are made with the intention of sufferinging another the result will be doubtless harm to oneself.Also money is one of the primary things which lead couples to knock on the divorce doors. If money is the tush of a marriage it can never bring in any warmth. Then there are different isolated issues which may break marriages. One adult female was impressed by a swearword who gave a large amount of his time and money to charity. After she married him, it was her money and time that could have been spent with her that went to charity. She was not at all impressed with his generosity now. In different cultures, values are so wide spread and commonly held that they are taken for granted.Cross cultural marriages require excess investigation because the people never think that other cultures have different ways of doing things. A cleaning lady from an upper class South America background married a US fellow who was perusal to become a professor. She did not realize that US professors are not well paid. She ended up living in what to her was degrading poverty. He did not realize that upper class women from her country did not do housework. It was the duty of the husband to hire the help or do the work himself. He ended up doing it himself. Then what happens to the issues of these broken marriages?Broken families are one of lifes greatest tragedies. Divorce hurts Children are robbed of the superfluous experience and protection called Family. They move on in their lives without the understanding of what familial security and bond is. There is anger and bitterness in them and a faceing of guilt for parents use them as the target of their fights. A feeling of shame and inferiority creeps in and they hold a very low admiration of themselves. They often feel rejected. The feeling that one has been abandoned by the two closest people in the world often leaves scars that are difficult to heal.A loss of family identity often makes one feel inadequate or incomplete. Research shows that people who come from broken families are twice as a good deal at risk in having failed marriages. Many of us do not realize how much we real pick up from our own upbringing. Thus children of broken marriages suffer in deep emotional pain, ill hea lth, depression, anxiety, even shortened life span. They tend to drop out of school, very few attend college, they consume less income, they develop more addictions to drugs and alcohol, and they engage in increased violence.Trusting each other is a very important ingredient of a marriage. Many people get into marriage, thinking that love is all they need. Most of us are not told that marriage requires work. Marriage is hard work. There are, of course, happy generation but there will also be trying and painful times. In marriage, a woman and a man trust their souls to each other and with love and commitment and each improves the other. It is like lifting a heavy load, say Linda McConahey. It is much easier if you join hands and help each other.In 1 Corinthians 7 3-4, Paul writes, Let the husband render to his wife the affection due her, and likewise also the wife to her husband. The wife does not have authority over her own body, but the husband does. And likewise the husband does not have authority over his own body, but the wife does. Just as we are obliged to do good in the service of our Lord, we are bound to also do good for our spouse. In our relationship to the Lord, we belong to Him in the marriage relationship, the husband and wife belong to one another.Sourceswhy Marriages Fail by Kerby Anderson, www. probe. org Why Many Marriages Fail James Long, http//www.analog-rf.com/

The Future of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Essay Example for Free

The Future of Hybrid Electric Vehicles endeavorThe hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) are the special types of vehicles that make use of two things together, i. e. conventional internal conflagration engine (ICE) and an electric actuation system, which together help in achieving terminate efficiency as compared to whatever other vehicle. The degree of efficiency and improvement provided by the HEVs depend on the degree and the type of propulsion systems they make use of. The engineers have succeeded in adding several additional features such as special breakout etc. for making sure that these vehicles provide high fuel efficiency and effectiveness.The HEVs are being astray used all over the world and its usage will keep increasing every day. there are various ways in which these vehicles can be classified and these classifications are all discussed below. iodine common way of classifying the hybrid electric vehicles is on the basis of the might that is supplied to the driv e-train of the vehicle. The first vehicle is cognize as the parallel hybrid, wherein the wheel gets special power from the ICE, as well as the electric force that are both connected to the mechanical transmission.These parallel hybrid cars are shown to be much to a greater extent efficient than the ones that are non-hybrid and are suitable for highway and urban style usage and running. There is another(prenominal) series of vehicles cognize as the series hybrids, wherein only the electric motor is used for supplying power to the drive-train. The batteries are shown to be rechargeable. These cars are less efficient than the parallel hybrid cars but still knock over super high performance when used in cities. The combination of the parallel and series cars can alike be used for increasing the overall efficiency.These cars are called the power-split hybrids. Though they are slightly more pricy than the other cars, they also demonstrate higher efficiency. While the earlier discuss ed classification was based on the seed of power supply, there is another classification that is based on the degree of hybridization that is included in the design. One type of devices can be full hybrid in nature. These vehicles are also known as strong hybrid and are usually operated based only on the engine. The drive-train is shown to demonstrate extremely high flexibility and high power output.The vehicles can also be classified as bats hybrid, wherein the electric motor is the only source of functioning for the cars. Not only do they provide fuel savings but are also more compact in nature. Thus, we see that there are different types of HEVs that are used by the people. The nature and the type of HEV that is used, depend on the requirements of the person and the bell savings and fuel efficiency that is desired.Reference http//classof1. com/homework-help/electrical-engineering-homework-help/.

Reliability and Validity Essay Example for Free

Reliability and Validity EssayReliability is defined as the consistency of the measurement. The term tidy sum also be defined as the extent to which one instrument can be apply in a similar focussing, every time it is utilized under similar circumstance, and with similar subjects. This is what it bureau to say that the measurements or the instruments be reliable. It is also the repeatability of measurement. Any measurement is considered reliable where the results of the uniform sample ar the same.It is crucial to note that dependableness cannot be measured, but it is stipulation as an suppose. To find out the reliability of a measurement, it is important to carry out an experiment more than once or use the same instrument for similar experiments. at that place are both prefatorial kinds of reliability test/retest and internal consistency. The initial type is the close traditional approach in estimating reliability. The argument behind this approach is that there should be similar results in test 1 and test 2.The three basic concepts of this approach are the cadence instrument should be implemented in both differing tests for every subject the relationship between the cardinal tests should be accurately computed and the assumption that the fundamental condition should be made between the two tests. The opposite approach is the estimation of reliability by listing queries in a questionnaire that gauge the same concept. For instant, two groups of three queries can be written that gauge the same concept. Then the relationship between the two sets of three queries can be run to evaluate the reliability of the instrument.It is important to know how reliability test ought to be. Some of the guidelines to reliability are . 90 indicates high reliability, . 80 indicates moderate reliability, and . 70 indicates low reliability. eminent reliability is revealed where the mass of standardized tests show a score of . 90. For majority tests, low rel iability is where for majority of standardized tests reveal a score of . 70. This is equivalent to 49 percent consistent variation. Reliability estimate of . 80 are moderate, where the estimate is below .60, it is usually considered inappropriately low (Worthen, Borg and White, 1993). Validity refers to the strength of conclusions, deductions and proposals. A more formal definition by Cook and Campbell (1979) is that reasonableity is the best estimate of the accuracy and inaccuracy available, of a provided deduction, proposal or conclusion. It is basically the degree to which a test does what it is supposed to do. It is the subjective finding that is found on experimentation and empirical pointers. There are two basic types of validity face validity and construct validity.The face validity is the most basic and must be supported by other types. What is refers to is whether on the surface the measure seems to measure does what it is supposed to do. Face validity is the beginning point, and it is not valid for any use. The test has been used to indicate high reliability in punishing witches. From this test, it is estimated that 100,000 women argued to be witches were condemned and burnt. A measure that has construct validity is one that has been proved to measure what it is supposed to gauge.Criterion, which includes predictive and concurrent convergence, and discriminating validity are elements that contributive to construct validity. Validity and reliability of the development of experimental evaluations is a basic part of the scientific method. Without a reliable and valid method, accurate scientific results and deductions cannot be obtained (Worthen, Borg and White, 1993). Freuds Theory of record vs. Neo-Freudian Psychoanalytic Theories Sigmund Freud was the first individual to come up with the theory that explains how the mind or psyche operates.He developed his vagarys from working with people suffering from psychological disorders. He held the bel ief that spirit is made up of three basic structures. The three are the id, the ego and the superego. The id according to Freud is the structure that has instincts. He argued that this structure is on the whole unconscious mind. This mover that the id does not take on any contact with the realism (Mischel, 1999). The second structure of spirit comes up as a child experiences the demands and limitations of the realism. This structure is what Freud referred to as the ego.This according to Freud is the structure of personality that emerges to deal with the stresses and the constraints of the reality. It is considered the executive structure of personality. This is due to the item that it utilizes reason in decision making. According to Freud the ego and the id lack morality. They do not take into consideration what is wrong or right. The moral structure of personality according to Freud is the superego. It is the tell that takes into consideration if an act is right or wrong. I t is what is basically known as the conscience.The consideration of Freud some personality is that it is similar to an iceberg. This means that most of our personality is in existence beneath our degree of consciousness. His argument is that most of the personality exists in this form. In examining peoples personality, there is revelation of the evidence of ego and superego. Where the two are partly unconscious and partly conscious, the id is the unconscious, which means that it is one that exists below our awareness. The ego utilizes the demur mechanics to solve the conflict between wishes of the id and the limitations of the superego.Freud added that it is the contradicting demands of the personality structures that lead to anxiety. According to Freud, oppression is the strongest and most persistent defense mechanism. It is the mechanism that pushes the unacceptable demands of the id out of consciousness. It is basically the foundation of all the other defense mechanisms (Mitche ll and Black, 1995). Neo-Freudian theorists are those who were in runment with the ideas of Freud, but transformed them and used them to come up with their own theories. The ideas of Freud, though controversial have influenced a lot of theorists.Most of the theorists support the idea of the unconscious psyche and its significance in childhood. There are other ideas that the theorists did not agree with. Some of these thinkers include Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Erich Fromm, Erik Erikson and Karen Horney. Jung was in agreement with the idea of the unconscious mind. There are various reasons as to why most of these theorists disagreed with Freud. Erikson disagreed with the idea that personality is developed on the whole from childhood experiences. There are a number of general similarities between the ideas of Freud and those of the neo-Freudian theorists.There was agreement with the fact that the unconscious is the key influence of image (Mischel, 1999). They also agreed that there i s influence on personality from childhood events. The Neo-Freudian theorist like Jung agreed with the ideas of defense mechanism and dream rendering. The neo-Freudian theorists disagreed with the argument that development stop at age five or six. They also did not agree with instinctual drives. The other thing that they failed to agree on is the emphasis on the pathological factions of personality, degrading and pessimistic.From the point of view of one of the neo-Freudian theorists, the paper give evaluate Alfred Adler. He agreed with Freud on the importance of the initial years of ones life. He also agreed with the unconsciousness of what drives us. He also agreed on the ideas of Freud on dream interpretation and analysis. His disagreement was based on the influence of the parents in a childs development, people actively establishing their own destiny availability of therapy goals and the influence of superiority, not sexuality (Mitchell and Black, 1995). The Situation versus Tr ait ControversyThe posture versus indication controversy is a topic that has been assessed, discussed, analyzed and resolved by very many psychologists in the past few years. This controversy is basically the disagreement on whether it the situation or traits that are trusty for the character of a person. The consider is said to have been started by Walter Mischel in his title Personality and Assessment. The countersign offered to empirical arguments just about the approach to personality. His first argument was that character traits have a relationship of almost 0. 30 with the way individuals behave in specific situations.The other argument is that the cross-situational constancy of character is about 0. 20 to 0. 30. His conclusion was that character traits are not positive predictors of the way people behave. He added that situations are more significant in peoples conduct. He also claimed that character traits do not exist in reality. This was supported by the argument tha t manner changes with situation. His ideas arose a lot of debates on the force with some people in support and others opposing. During this time, there were psychologists who were already carrying out researches to measure personality.The ideas of Mischel were supported by the critics of personality. They were basically behaviorism theorists who claimed that the best explanation of behavior was the environment. They based this argument on the notion of psychology being a science of tangibles and observables as opposed to intangibles like emotions, character traits and thoughts. For some time this idea was adapted quite a number of psychologists (Mischel, 1999). The other side of the debate took effect from the 70s, where psychologists began accepting the nescient states like cognitions that influence how people behave.From this point of view, it is argued that the character traits are the ones that determine how people behave. This is the side of the debate that garnered more su pport that the situation one. Many of the psychologists now are in agreement with the fact that character traits exists in reality and that it is best suited in predicting behavior that the environment.The agreement is that both of the experimental arguments by Mischel were partially accurate, but the relationships approximations of 0. 30 between character traits and the way people behave, and behavior across environments, were given by other psychological researchers to be 0. 40. The supporters of the situation side of argument did not anticipate questions about the interpretation of their empirical results. It was not possible to tell whether it was 0. 30 or 0. 40 that was the small correlativity (Fleeson and Noftle, 2009). It was also not possible to tell how this compared to the relationship between environments and how people behave. The answers were provided by two supporters of trait psychology, David Funder and Dan Ozer.They provided the answers by reviewing the different s tandard experiments in social psychology. These experiments were aimed at establishing how behavior is affected by environment. unmatchable of the studies evaluated was by Stanley Milgram. This is the study on obedience that employed counterfeit electric shocks to establish the way individuals reacting to cause to be perceived others. Here Funder and Ozer realized that the relationship between environments and the way people behave was from 0. 36-0. 42. This was almost similar to predictive capability of character traits.Another study that nullified the work of Mischel was the findings of Seymour Epstein. His findings suggested that in one complete behavior over a considerable period of time, as opposed to viewing single situations, the cross-situational constancy of the way people behave can be normally as high as 0. 80 to 0. 90. This means that the trait side of the controversy seemed to carry more weight than the situation side. The trait side of explaining behavior is what is followed by most psychologists currently, although studies are always being carried out (Fleeson and Noftle, 2009).References Fleeson, W. , Noftle, E. E. (2009). The End of the Person-Situation Debate an Emerging implication in the Answer to the Consistency Question, Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2 (4), 1667-1684. Mischel, W. (1999). Introduction to Personality. Sixth edition. fastness Worth, Texas Harcourt Brace. Mitchell, S. Black, M. J. (1995). Freud and Beyond a History of Modern Psychoanalytic Thought. New York Basic Books. Worthen, B. R. , Borg, W. R. , and White, K. R. (1993). Measurement and Evaluation in the School. New York Longman.

It strategy vs business strategy Essay Example for Free

It schema vs subscriber line system EssayIn most cheeks IT expense is considered as one of the larger if non the largest contributor to capital investment and expenditure. Technology has a probative effect on the calling landscape of most organizations and the market place they operate in. The goal of IT as such should be directed toward the conjunctive of IT strategy with an organizations overall business strategy (Mulcay, 2001). It is argued though that the unfitness to successfully derive value from IT investment is, for the most part due to a lack of alignment between IT and business strategies. Johnson and Scholes cited by Riley (2012) define strategy as follows Strategy is the direction and scope of an organization over the long-term which achieves advantage for the organization through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment, to fill the demand of markets and to fulfill stakeholder expectations. In unpacking the definition, simply the bus iness strategy that the business has decided to follow aims accurate configuration of resource human resource, technology resource, financial resource etc., so as to growth competitive advantage, meet objectives and stakeholder expectation.Henderson Venkatraman (1999) argue that there is no IT application or system, regardless of how cutting boundary line or sophisticated it maybe, that will build and sustain a competitive advantage for an organization for a sustained period of time. Organizations, in order to sustain competitive advantage should continuously endeavor to employ its IT functionality and resource to maintain an advantage. In my opinion this is achieved by out of the box, evolutionary thinking by twain business and IT leaders. Furthermore, both business and IT leaders need to understand fully the role that IT can agree and re-shape business strategy decisions and improve IT effectiveness and ultimately improve business performance.SHOULD A COMPANYS IT STRATEGY chase ITS BUSINESS STRATEGY OR SHOULD IT LEAD ITS BUSINESS STRATEGY? WHYIn my opinion IT is part rarely the core business unless of course we mention Microsoft or Google and the like where technology is the primary focalisation areabut it must noted that the actual business exercise for each is different and rational property is what is regarded most valuable. Hence, I agree with (Abate 2009, Henderson Venkatraman 1999, Skriletz 2013) and many other researchers and commentators, that ITs role should be regarded as the enabler or driver of the business strategy. ITs strategy, investment architecture even projects all need be dictated by overall business strategy, but should be part of process that helps the formation of the overall strategy.IT leaders need to possess the knowledge of new enabling technologies and how these technologies can be integrated into the business. Very often the business strategy is formed and developed in isolation and IT is seen as a support function only, sort of than as function that can contribute to forming the strategy itself. IT leaders need to be part of the process that delivers the direction the business chooses to follow. Luftman Brier (1999) echo this sentiment in that just as HR and selling are important parts of strategy so to should IT. Venkatraman and Henderson (2000) assert that business strategists cannot be seen to take the ahead(p) role whilst the IT strategist is seen as a support role. It is imperative both take the lead in designing the business platform. Business and IT strategists working together to shape new business IT is not stamp down to business strategy but an extricate part of it.FACTORS TO CONSIDERTechnology is seen as one of key fruit elements that drive change and transformation. Intelligent use of technology can deliver a competitive advantage, streamline processes create cost efficiencies and optimization for most organizations and as organizations strive for these competitive advantage s and efficiencies it would really not be prudent to exclude the technology people from the process of strategy development as those organizations that do hold them, will certainly claim the competitive edge and advantage.Regardless of what industry youre in, its hard to think virtually a businessthat couldnt exploit IT for competitive advantage if they chose to, says Barbara Gomolski, an analyst at Gartner cited in an article by Moore (2011). The industries that have seen growth by aligning IT and business strategy and have used it as a driver and an enabler include the airline industry that has leveraged IT and now allows customers to book directly with carriers rather than involving third political party agents. The banking industry has really embraced technology with the likes of online banking and transactions, which show true alignment and involvement of IT in business strategy and goal setting. Technology drives their growth.The sentiment shared and one that I agree with i s that by including IT in the conceptuality of business strategy will certainly assist the organization in achieving its goals. The exploitation of technology as a means is key and if you dont necessarily feel that, then I guarantee IT is treated as being outside of the core business strategy and as a result the organization is not deriving value from one of its most if not the most valuable resources.ReferencesVenkatraman N Henderson JC. 2000 Business platforms for the twenty-first Century, in Mastering Information Management, edited by DA Marchand, TH Davenport T Dickson. Great Britain apprentice Hall 283-289Mulcay K. 2001 The IT Dilemma. World Trade, 14(4) 48-48.Henderson JC Venkatraman N. 1999 Strategic Alignment Leveraging information technology for transforming organisations. IBM Systems Journal, 38(23) 472-484.Luftman J Brier T. 1999 Achieving and Sustaining Business-IT alignment. calcium Management Review, 42(1) 109-122.Abate R, (2008) IT should be an enabler to busine ss Available online at http//www.information-managem e nt.com/blogs/IT_business-10015571-1.html (Accessed 18 June 2014)Skriletz R (2013) How to make IT a business enabler Available online at http//www.b-eye-network.com/view/16788 (Accessed 18 June 2014)Moore J (2011) Make It part of your Business Strategy Available online at http//www.cnbc.com/id/44818677 (Accessed 18 June 2014)Riley J, (2012) What is strategy Available online at http//tutor2u.net/business/strategy/what_is_strategy.htm (Accessed 18 June 2014)

Expectations about own work role Essay Example for Free

Expectations about birth work role EssayIt is important to extrapolate the expectations, including codes of practise, regulations, negligible standards or national occupational standards.Some expectations aresee moreexplain expectations about own work role as expressed in relevant standards reflect on their work evince their qualifications understand what effective practise looks like formulate their selfdevelopment plan allow managers to understand staff experience/qualifications and training needs to support the development of the setting.It is also expected as a practitioner to keep every child safe and secure in the environment as they bring out and develop. It is very important to complete risk assessments daily for the safety of the children. Making sure the nursery is clean-cut will help prevent the spread of illnesses and infections in the provision. Childcare providers must also have procedures for administering practice of medicine and supporting children with m edical needs or who appear unwell during the day.

Business Communication Essay Example for Free

Business conversation EssayA good rate of ideas are exchanged betwixt departments It encourages good converse between different departments Having group discussions allows a wide range of ideas from different experts to be considered The more ideas the more happen they will hit upon a great one The main disadvantages of horizontal communion are as follows Due to the fact both departments may be of equal powers decisions are hard to come to nix has the overall say and final decision It can cause in-house fighting if differing opinions boil over champion department may al tracks have to check with another department before pushing anything with Advantages/Importance of upward communicating 1. Feedback The major advantages of upward communication are, it provides feedback from the employees. As a result the communication loop (cycle) completes and management can realize the reactions of the employees. 2. Constructive idea up communication allows the employees to inf orm their views regarding the instruction execution of company policies. 3. Helps decision makingThrough upward communication top management can bed the views of flower level employees which help them to make more realistic decision. 4. Establishment of good relation Upward communication brings executives and employees close to each other and accordingly mutual relationship developed. 5. Mutual trust For the victor of any sort of communication trust is an essential element. As relationship developed through upward communication mutual trust also created. 6. Enhance coordination Opportunity to express own views and participation in the decision making enhance the level of coordination. 7. MotivationThe task of motivation needs two way communications between the concerned parties. Upward communication enables the executives to extend appropriate motivational measures. Disadvantages/Limitations of upward communication 1. Reluctance In some cases employees are reluctant to provide in formation through upward channel. 2. Non-cooperative emplacement Non-cooperative attitude to the executives damage the willingness of the employees to initiate upward communication. 3. Chance of distortion Downward communication can be distorted unconsciously but in case of upward communication information can be distorted deliberately. . Trend to by-pass Another side effect of upward communication is tendency of by spill the immediate boss, can be created among the employees. 5. Delay Sometimes lower level employees hesitate to inform a problem upward because doing so means acceptance of failure.Thus delays may take place to limit whether to inform the top management or try further to solve the problem. advantages 1. increases efficiency 2. its appropriate for good-looking instructions 3. ensures that everyone is working towards goals and objectives disadvantages 1. info can be distorted as it goes down 2. nformation overload 3. deprivation of openness between managers and emp loyees a. Contents of diagonal communication This type of communication is common in tactical situations which require the quick transfer of information or advice in hostage situations or cases of civil unrest, it is likely imperative. Diagonal communication is usually verbal and thus is conducted by telephone or radio. b. Advantages of diagonal communication Diagonal communication has the following advantages (1) It is a most direct method of communication. (2) It is a most selective method of communication. 3) It is one of the fastest methods of communication. (4) In critical situations, it would seem to be the most essential and formal type of communication. c. Disadvantages of diagonal communication The major disadvantages of diagonal communication include the following (1) It can repeal lines of authority and formal chains of command. (2) It can leave immediate superiors uninformed of what their subordinates are doing. (3) It can provide to conflicting orders and hence to f urther confusion. (4) It is usually verbal, and thus is untraceable if things go wrong.

Terrorism Definition Essay Example for Free

Terrorism Definition probeTerror or act of terrorist act is one of the oldest disasters on the earth. It asshole be said that this system named terrorist act is, for the centuries, here on this earth. that there have always been differences to define it. If you talk from the side of terrorists, you lavatory hear different reasons of act of terrorism from every affected area of terrorism. If not going deep into, it can be understood, the affected victims of the society call it terrorism what the terrorists indulged in terrorism call it crusade, revenge or an offensive action to oppose. The worldwide terrorism has different reasons in different parts of the world. Somewhere the terrorism is to get freedom or somewhere to get sovereignty. At same place, these activities are being carried surface to free the region from the opponents. At some places the basic reason of terrorism is poverty, starvation unemployment.But at international level, the media mostly talks of, that is so said the Islamic terrorism.http//www.irfi.org/articles2/articles_2851_2900/American%20Target%20-%20Terrorism%20or%20Islam.HTM. There were terrorist activities even in front the 9/11 terrorist attack on America. But the form of terrorism was different from the form of terrorism prevalent now-a-days. Before 9/11, America was known as the spectator of so said Islamic terrorism or at some places it was known that it worked as a helper to organize it. But the event of 9/11 forced America to think that even America can square up victim to own pet snake.So on this day, American President Bush declared to suck a worldwide war against terrorism. After the event of 9/11, America took a vow to decimate the tree of terrorism from the world. Most of the Muslim countries of the world strongly oppose the thought of strong religionist terrorism call it anti-Islamic. These Muslim countries openly favored America against terrorism after 9/11. Even the terrorists criminate the rulers of these Muslim countries, who opposed terrorism, as anti-Islamic or Pro-American.

Vietnamese Immigration to America Essay Example for Free

Vietnamese Immigration to America EssayVietnam is located in the Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South china Sea, alongside China, Laos, and Cambodia 6 00 N, 106 00 E. Its Total Land Area is 329,560 sq km, with a land ara of 325,360 sq km and wet area of 4,200 sq km. It is slightly wide-rangingr than New Mexico. Its total land boundary is 4,639 km with border countries desire Cambodia, China and Laos. It has3, 444 km coastline which excludes the islands. Its maritime claims include the territorial sea 12 nm, contiguous zone 12 nm, exclusive economic zone 200 nm, continental shelf 200 nm or to the demonstrate of the continental margin. Its climate tropical in south, monsoon in northeastward with hot, rainy conciliate and warm, dry season in mid-October to mid-March. Its terrain includes junior-grade, flat delta in south and north central highlands hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest. (See Vietnam. About Geography). The hist ory of Vietnamese Americans began with the end of the Viet Nam War in 1975. On 28 January 1973, later onwards having dog-tired years and millions of dollars financing the Viet Nam War, the joined States government reluctantly agreed to withdraw its financial and military proceeds after signing the Agreement on Ending the War and Restoring Peace in Viet Nam.The peace engagement was signed by representatives of the United States, the Republic of Viet Nam (South Viet Nam), and the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam (North Viet Nam) in Paris. The agreement committed the United States and other signatories to respect the independence, sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity of Viet Nam, called for prisoners of war to be exchanged, and declared an in-place cease fire. Soon after the withdrawal of the United States military and economic support, the military situation deteriorated rapidly for the government of South Viet Nam.The shoot of the Vietnamese refugees really began withi n the country, with the North Vietnamese military offensive of mid-March 1975 resulting in the defeats at Pleiku, Kontum, and put away Me Thuot. As a result of this military offensive about one million refugees poured out of these areas and headed for Saigon and the coast. closely traveled by foot, few were fortunate enough to travel by car, truck, or motor bike. On 30 April 1975, the capital of South Viet Nam, and thus South Viet Nam, came under the control of the Provisional Revolutionary Government. This resulted in the flight of the Vietnamese refugees to the United States.Vietnamese refugees were not immigrants who chose to come to the U. S. for better political, social, and economic opportunities. Their migration was for the most furcate unplanned and out of desperation. Vietnamese emigration is generally divided into two degrees, each with several waves. The inaugural period began in April 1975 and continued by 1977. This period included the first three waves of Vietna mese refugees in the United States. The first wave of refugees, involving nigh ten to fifteen thousand people, began at least a week to ten days before the collapse of the government.The second wave, and probably the largest in yields, involved some eighty thousand, who were evacuated by aircraft during the last days of April. The evacuation of American personnel, their dependents, and Vietnamese affiliated with them was achieved through hulk helicopters under Operation Frequent Wind. These individuals were relatively well-educated, spoke some English, had some skills that were marketable, came from urban areas, and were westernized. Members of these two waves were principally Vietnamese who worked for the U. S. government, American firms, or the Vietnamese government.All were thought to be prepared for life in the United States on the basis of their contact with the American government and association with Americans. The final wave during this period involved forty to sixty th ousand people who left(a) on their own in subatomic boats, ships, and commandeered aircraft during the first two weeks of May 1975. They were later transferred to Subic Bay, Philippines and Guam Island after having been picked up, in many cases, by U. S. Navy and incumbrance ships standing off the coast. A second period of the Vietnamese refugee migration began in 1978.Since the fall of South Viet Nam in 1975, many Vietnamese confine tried to escape the political oppression, the major social, and political and economic reforms instituted by the authoritarian government of North Viet Nam. Although the influx continues steadily, the numbers are no time-consuming as spacious as they once were. A significant characteristic of this period, especially between the years 1978 to 1980, is the large number of ethnic Chinese migrating out of Viet Nam and Cambodia. In addition to the ethnic Chinese, there were many Vietnamese who left during this period.These individuals have been called boat people because the majority of them escaped in homemade, poorly constructed boats and wooden vessels. Due to slim vessels, scant cogniseledge of navigational skills, limited amount of provisions, and numerous attacks by Thai sea pirates, the oddment rate of the boat people was and is very high. Many of the boat people are awaiting their fate in refugee camps throughout Southeast Asia. In addition, since 1979 many former receiving countries are turning away refugees because of the economic, political, and social strains that they are allegedly precipitating.(See Vietnam War. Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia). The areas where they settled after their migration were in the states of California, Texas, Louisiana, Washington, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Florida. As a result of the captain resettlement, the secondary migration process, and the length of time since their first arrival in 1975, Vietnamese refugees have been able to afford communities throughout the United States, but are generally located in metropolitan and urban areas.Since the Vietnamese were forced to leave their country as a result of the war, personal chastisements such as turn proficient in English, separating from families, and dealing with war memories are pressing issues. Because many Vietnamese did not know English, learning a new and different language became an important criterion for adjusting to new living conditions in the United States. In addition, the Dispersal Policy forced many extended families to separate, and some Vietnamese have found themselves in new and unfamiliar communities without family or the community support networks which were of great importance in Viet Nam.Finally, because of the traumatic experiences incurred while leaving their homeland, many experience depression, anxiety, alienation, a sense of helplessness, and recurring war nightmares. To imbibe into the United States economically as quickly as possible, many Vietnamese were forced to obtain low paying jobs. Even for those who were professionals in their country, their credentials failed to transferor simply were not accepted in the United States. The large number of people who were members of the military had skills which were no longer marketable.And, because many did not have the necessary skills to square off high paying jobs, both men and women have had to find employment. It is easier for women to find employment, especially in the service and low-skill sectors, and women began to occupy positions traditionally held by men. That is, women have succeeded in achieving a degree of economic independence through their employment outside the home. In some cases, women support the entire family while the men receive skilful or educational training for occupations with specific skills.Family conflicts between husbands and wives resulted as an unfortunate side effect. Since women were more plausibly to find jobs than men and in some instances became the only income earner, traditional family roles and authority were changing. Men were no longer the sole provider for the family and their authority was no longer as clear as it was in Viet Nam. in that location were a number of substantial of Vietnamese who are attending prestigious colleges and universities throughout America.Upon graduation, these individuals have in any case become members of the professional group or skilled workers in America. However, while there has been some victor in the field of education, Vietnamese Americans are not a model minority. After the fall of Viet Nam in 1975, only a small group of children continued their education. Many younger Vietnamese had problems adjusting to American school. Those who seemed to be having the most problems adjusting are those who came either as unaccompanied minors or the recent arrivals.These individuals primarily immigrated after 1975 and most likely came at an age when it was difficult to learn a new language and adjust to a new societ y some have turned to gangs, drugs, gambling, and other illegal activities. The formation of early days gangs might have resulted from their inability to catch up with their peers in schools, their unfamiliarity with a strange land, and perhaps their alienation from their families due to cultural gaps. ( See The New Migrants from Asia Vietnamese in the United States. Organization of American Historians).

Persuading on Genetically Modified Food Essay Example for Free

Persuading on Genetically special Food EssayThe condition called Genetically Modified Foods, has a style that is exercise to grab an hearing emotion while still putting some facts. Right a federal agency in the starting dissever you pass on find ethos. Per Pinstrup-Anderson plays a key role in the article, he is the H.E. Babcock Professor of Food, Nutrition and universal Policy at Cornell University. Giving Per Pinstrup-Anderson a creditability, and having the audience attention. This is the only time in the article when ethos is being used to help their argument. In the abutting two split ups, Pathos and password are used. It shows some facts as head as getting into the audience emotion. The way this was make was by talking about dower farmers in developing countries produce more than food, making it more affordable to buy food, as well as not harming the environment. It goes on to say, Many millions of people do not incur access to suitable calories and many more suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. Another quote is, which avoided mass starvation and helped millions out of destitution and yrning. Notice they never gave an exact statistic on how many people are suffering from poverty and hunger, allow the audience see that it is so many people light uponed, and not just a specific number. It deed overs it more of a feel then would be given an exact number.In the next paragraph it goes hindquarters to logos, in the paragraph it is said science is the answer to fixing the hunger. It describes action that must be interpreted an order to be able to start helping starving people, as well as how will science help farming, like drought tolerance, mitigation of negative climate change, and pest resistance in crops. Those are just a few of what the paragraph claims to be able to do with a microscopic investment for the technology. The way this paragraph is phrase is by letting the audiences see the processes that have to be done in ord er for an action to start. That way the audiences may start to have an opinion.At the end of this article it starts to talk about how long test must be done, and how the longer we wait the more high-priced food will be as well as leaving millions to die. This passage is using poignance for its persuasiveness. Its getting the audience that deep emotion of people waiting and starving. It goes on to say that anti-science political orientation and the failure of the government brought the food crisis in the first place. This paragraph points a finger to show they are right, as well as preceding to say we have to change if something is not working.In the import article of, The Failure of Gene-Altered Crops, Vandana Shiva is presented as the ethos in this paragraph she is the founder of Navdanya in India which is the movement of inseminate forestallers and organic farmers. She written many books on how communicableally special foods are failing and how they will affect us. This gra bs the audience attention be begin shes a strong believer on organic substance.In the next paragraph it says we need biodiversity intensification that can work with nature instead of going against it, it doesnt give a specific details as to why. The only argument made was when Doug Gurian-Sherman of the union of concerned scientist produce a studied, Failure to Yield. In the study it is closely evaluated on the genetically modified for 20 eld to see if they would increase yield or to just see let on progress. In the end it showed that the essay failed to increase yields as well as it failed to engineer crops to be insect-resistant nor herbicide tolerance. In this paragraph it was use ethos and logos. Ethos was Doug Gurian-Sherman and his research study, Failure to Yield. Logos was the bits of facts that came from Doug Gurian-Sherman research study.In the next to paragraph, it is shown by the International judgement of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development IAASTD h as concluded that genetic engineering did not seem in truth promising in the future. IAASTD found that the small farms that based on agri-ecology would produce much more food. This paragraph had also ethos, being IAASTD. As for the logos was what IAASTD found in the 4 years on estimate out what genetic engineering could hold in the future.The article makes a lot of tactics with logos and ethos to reach the audience, giving a great amount of facts from other credited people. The next three paragraphs have ethos as well as logos. In the passages, the book, Soil, Not Oil is brought as an example to give that industrial monocultures are more vulnerable to climate changes since the soil kept in organic plants help keep moisture making them less likely to die in draughts. In the next passage it is brought up the false statement by genetic engineering industry that its only possible to answer to climate change with modified food. Vandana Shiva made a statement on crops evolved to be bett er resilient to climate, as well Vandana has helped create seeds for drought resistance, and flood resistance as well as salt tolerance. This give the audience the idea that genetically modified food isnt always infallible when nature can just evolve.The last two passages gets more in depth on how genetically modified food and organically produced food will take us in the future. The passage give the audience a since of the future that genetic engineer for modified food is a waste a time, it does not give a sense of food security in the future and it will cause small farmers to go dept. As for Vandana Shiva Navdanya, it is a conserving biodiversity that tries to not be wasteful in water supply at the same time make much more food per acre.The best article that is persuasive is the second article, The Failure of Gene-Altered Crops. The first article was rattling persuasive, but it never made it secure enough to make it believable that it close to happening. It produce more emotio n then logic tactics, making it very hard to determine whether it is a dream that the nation wishes to reach or something that could be accomplish for the future. bully syntax on making it very emotional with pathos, but argument stance it would be weak.The first article could have been stronger if it talked about other countries that are already doing genetically modified foods. Korea has been doing genetically modified food for years, about 20 countries including the European Union, Japan, Australia and New Zealand have already a labeling system for genetically modified foods, (Hae-Yeong Kim 132). Another good point would be to bring up Matin Qaim, Vitamin A deficiency is a serious nutritional problem, causing multiple adverse health outcomes. Simulations for India show that Golden Rice could press related health problems significantly, pr crimsonting up to 40,000 child deaths every year.(552) In India Bt cotton has reduce some poverty and actually help small famers, now some in China and South Africa, Bt cotton are a first-generation of genetically modified technology.As for the second argument, many ethos and logos were presented. One being Doug Gurian-Sherman published study on how genetic industries isnt really going anywhere, it has great facts, it was a 4 year study so it showed what was being done in long term. A lot of facts on how genetic industry is failing on making modified food was claimed, but not many on how it could do more harm as well as it would bankrupt some small farmers for even trying to use modified seeds.The plant evolving had a great way point in Gebre Egziabher, Tewolde B( The habit of Genetically Modified Crops in Agriculture and Food Production, and Their Impacts on the milieu A Developing earthly concern Perspective) Scientists believe that species evolved from a common ancestor through competition and natural selection. They also believe that changes in genes occur in all species owing to mutation, with the probability of mutation of each gene remaining unending under the same environment. (11) Giving this quote would remind the audience that life has a way of fixing itself and just because the technology is here does not give scientist right to use a distinguishable approach but instead try harder to help organic farming when it has been secure food source. callAmerican Medical Assoc.Gebre Egziabher T. The Use of Genetically Modified Crops in Agriculture and Food Production, and Their Impacts on the Environment A Developing World Perspective. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B, Soil Plant Science serial online. December 2, 2003538-12. getable from Science Technology Collection, Ipswich, MA. Accessed April 27, 2012.American Medical Assoc.Hae-Yeong K, Jae-Hwan K, Mi-Hwa O. Regulation and detection methods for genetically modified foods in Korea. splendid Applied Chemistry serial online. January 201082(1)129-137. Available from Science Technology Collection, Ipswich, MA. Accessed April 27, 2012. American Medical Assoc.Qaim M. Benefits of genetically modified crops for the sad household income, nutrition, and health. New Biotechnology serial online. November 30, 201027(5)552-557. Available from Science Technology Collection, Ipswich, MA. Accessed April 27, 2012.

Narrative In The Sixth Sense Film Studies Essay

Narrative In The sixth Sense Film Studies EssayA brings communicative is sort of a vital element to whatever icon, without a good narrative we be left with a jumbled piece of film that does not adhere to a plausible chain of scourts, leaving us the viewer with no intellect of the writer or directors intention. Our initial narrative expectations before we view this film decorate ( 0635 1135) would start out been limited at the time of the films release. The reason for this is that the film The Sixth Sense (1998) was the Writer/Director M.Night.Shyalamans first real major mainstream film. However beingness secure everyplace ten age since it was released, we are now much familiar with his narrative style, for example we are more aware that there is going to be well-nigh kind of biz offer in a thrilling/ supernatural or even mild horror format. Also for this set outicular film clip the previews give us a clear indication that the film is a supernatural thriller, fro m the hushed step of voice to the cold beats between dialogue, that lead us up the path of conclusion.This particular atomic number 23-spot minute sequence begins with the protagonist (Malcolm) and his wife entering their bedroom, slightly intoxicated having just celebrated unitedly, stage setting up a feeling of safety and security that most associate with retiring to the bedroom. This feeling is at a time subdued by the directors decision to input the sound of the phone beeping, having been knocked off its receiver it gives us a real sense of emergency that helps the viewer to relate to the situation immediately. Having now set the situation that leads to Malcolm being shot, and unknowingly to the viewer, killed. Shyalaman has created a catalyst for the films furtherance, although unlike a typical detective films narrative such as Sherlock Holmes, which tend to be more omniscient, we are not aware of the true facts that are occurring, so we are unable to begin piecing the p lot together. Thus unusually we do not realise just how pivotal this five minute scene is at the time. With most other films we are invited to piece together clues slowly until we discover the truth, normally around the very(prenominal) time as the protagonist, Bord sound and Thompson noteWe make sense of narrative, then, by identifying its events and linking them by cause and effect, time, and space. As viewers, we do other occasions as well. We often infer events that are not explicitly presented, and we recognize the presence of material that is extraneous to the novel world. In order to get wind how we manage to do these things, we can draw distinction between story and plot. (Bordwell Thompson, Pg 80).This I feel is a well organised, intentional event that the director chose to do, increasing the impact of the affect at the end of the film (even if Shyalaman later admitted that Malcolm actually being dead, was not added until the fifth draft of the films script).The only i nformation we are sequestered to as a viewer in this clip, is the story duration which takes us back ten years to 1989, it is the events from the protagonists past that dupe a major connection with what is happening in the present and it is this story progression that we actually see, although the plot point itself is disguised as a fade to black into the next scene, uncover that Malcolm is seemingly alive and well with the written legend Next Fall, South Philadelphia.But Secretly the narrative has changed, the character that has acted as an agent and made this change possible is Vincent Gray, it is his emotional issues related to his childhood that attached him with Malcolm that ultimately leads to the event that takes place, subsequently altering the potential path of the protagonist.The spacing of such events are well defined, as in such a short amount of screen time we are clear to the the back story dating back ten years, gradually building the story until we reach the plo t point at the end of the clip. Finally establishing the mood of the film and creating its supernatural tone, which typically of Shyalamans style, frequently tends to have Philadelphia as its backdrop which creates a cold and creepy diagesis, or it could just be he was embossed in Philadelphia, either way it works. We also feel as though we are witnessing the events from Malcolms point of view, even though there are only a couple of shots from his angle. This could be because when we are not eyesight what he is seeing, we are viewing his reaction to everything. Something I find very important to the story of any film, forming a certain type of bond with the character. Syd Field shares the importance of this in his book, Screenplay The foundations of screen physical composition,When you entail approximately it, underneath this skin of ours were really the same, you and I certain things unite us. We share the same needs, the same wants, the same fears and insecurities we want to be loved, have people like us, be successful, happy, and healthy. (Syd Field, pg 63).M.Night.Shyalaman establishes most of these things that unite us, in this five minute clip as such things a fear, stress, anger, disappointment and abandonment enter the script, we instantly hit a rapport with the main character. This is something I find with Shyalaman films, his style is not just the plot twist like he creates in this clip, but he subtly creates this bond between the protagonists of his films and the viewer, although having said that, the star topology or salient technique of this film clip would have to be the way Shyalaman uses his narrative writing skills to disguise the twist throughout the film, Jennifer Van Stilj explains the comparison of Shyalamans genius with that of Sigmund Freud,Shyamalans script is a masterful bound between Freuds concepts of the conscious, that information the audience is aware of knowing and the unconscious, that information it is unaware it knows . It is Shyamalans use of the unconsciousness, specifically that part that Freud termed the preconscious, which produces the psychological roller coaster ride we experience.(Van Stilj, Jennifer. www.writersstore.com).Such acclaim for Shyalamans clever use of narrative is quite far-flung with many critics sharing this opinion, so much so, Shyalaman has now made his reputation in his field and created a narrative expectation for his audience that he did not have before.The most important role that narrative plays in this film and especially in this five minute clip is the creation of almost a second story line running along side the one we are viewing, Erlend Lavik puts it, We come to take up the presence of another fabula running parallel to the first one but beneath it, hidden from view. erstwhile we become aware of it, though, everything in the syuzhet takes on new meaning. We are instantly compelled to return to the outset of the story and, based on our remembrance of the accoun t given, try to follow the correct fabula this time, the one that was invisible to us at first, even though it was present all along. (Lavik,Erlend.p55-64). Therefore the importance of the this narrative technique makes the integral film what it is, without it we would have a simple yet entertaining supernatural thriller that would have otherwise caused little of a fanfare with critics. The web is full of reviews, blogs and even forums dedicated to this single, clever piece of narrative writing that leaves us thinking and even scrutinising any possible flaw or opinion of the film, Shyalaman himself quotes, I think that even with The Sixth Sense from that first weekend, the films are not seen the way they are. They are seen through some aberration, some wavy glass. I can just hope that the glass gets clearer over time. (M.NIght.Shyalaman, TimesOnline). So as important as we may feel the narrative is in this or any film, the definitive thing is how we interpret what the creators hav e given us, what we feel was important may not of been the intention, instead we each have our own criteria of importance for what makes the film work.