Narrative Frames and Ambiguity in Henry James The Turn of The Screw Es

Narrative frames and Ambiguity in The caper of The Screw Since it was written, heat content James The Turn of The Screw has been acclaimed by numerous critics to be superstar of the most immaculate, engrossing and terrifying ghost stories ever produced. Harriet Waters Preston described it as, a sheer mortal horror, like the evil dream of a earth under the spell of a deadly drug1, and Gertrude Atherton said, it is the most horrifying ghost story ever written2 I will compete that it is the narrative frames enclosing The Turn of The Screw that are largely responsible for the reception the book has received. They serve two main purposes one, to build up an gene of suspense and tension before the governesss account actually begins, thus heightening the potential for horror and terror in the text and two, to cast uncertainty on the reliability of the narrators and hence to increase the ambiguity and scope for interpretation of the text. In fact, I will argue that these frames do n ot assist the reader in interpreting the action, but are actually used by James to deliberately confound the reader and foster an ambiguous atmosphere. At first view there appear to be three narrative frames surrounding the governess account. At the outermost level we have the voice of the narrator. The narrator tells us of a period when they were one of several(prenominal) guests staying at the abode of a character named Griffin. Whilst there, the narrator heard the governesss tale, as told by Douglas over a period of several nights. Although the narrator was not at Bly, nor did they take any part in the tale of the governess, it is the narrators retelling of this story that the reader receives. Within this is the reading by Douglas, who ... ... Macmillan, 1968). Troy, William, The Altar of Henry James in Tanner, Tony, ed., Henry James Modern Judgements (London Macmillan, 1968). Endnotes 1 Gard, Roger, ed., Henry James The Critical Heritage (London Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1968 ), pp. 333. 2 Ibid, pp. 361. 3 Sheppard, E. A., Henry James and The Turn of the Screw (Suffolk Oxford University Press, 1974), pp. 17. 4 James, Henry, The Turn of the Screw in Hampl, Patricia, ed., The Houghton Mifflin Anthology of Short Fiction (Boston Hougton Mifflin Company, 1989), pp. 617. 5 Ibid, pp 617. 6 Ibid, pp. 617. 7 Ibid, pp. 620. 8 Gard, pp. 275. 9 Hosking, Rick, lecture for English 1A ENGL 1003, Flinders University, twelfth March 1996. 10 Tanner, Tony, ed., Henry James Modern Judgements (London Macmillan, 1968), pp. 33. 11 Sheppard, pp. 15. 12 Ibid, pp. 15.

JFK: The Death of a Conspiracy Essay -- History

JFK The Death of a ConspiracyThere is a plethora of conspiracy theories regarding the assassination of electric chair John F. Kennedy. They move from the incumbent of the former Soviet Union to organized crime. Pro-conspiracy groups are in agreement with one theory the United States government covered up the fair play of the assassination. The premise of a government conspiracy to cover up of the assassination is laden with insufficient separate and unproved theories. The truth of the matter is President Kennedy was assassinate by the lone gunman, Lee Harvey Oswald. On November 22, 1963, at 1230 p.m., President Kennedy was shot as his motorcade drove through Dealey Plaza in Dallas, Texas. He was rushed to Parkland Memorial Hospital and arrived at 1235 p.m.. The awaiting medical team rushed the President into one of the trauma rooms. According to Artwohl, the doctors were non aware of the massive head damage because the huge flap of frontal scalp that was loosened from the head w as held in place by the clotting of the farm animal on the scalp. This concealed the degree of the wound. They were desperate to save the life of the President and examined him quickly without taking the time...to wash off the blood and debris (1542). The doctors removed the Presidents clothing to check the body for other wounds. While Dr. Perry began the tracheostomy, Dr. Jenkins recalled, that Mrs. Kennedy was circling the room with something cupped in her hands. As Mrs. Kennedy passed by, she nudged Jenkins with her elbow and handed him a large chunk of her husbands brain. Dr. Jenkins took the brain matter and handed it to a nurse (Breo 2806). The Parkland Hospital staff worked for twenty-five minutes on the President to no avail. Dr. Clark, who arrived in the trauma room at 1250 p.m., pronounced the President dead at 100 p.m. (2804,6). The Presidents body was then clothed in sheets, placed in a casket, loaded onto a waiting hearse, and transported to the airport. The body was t hen placed on board Air Force One, the presidential plane, where Mrs. Kennedy and the newly sworn in President, Lyndon Baines Johnson, departed for Washington D.C. While the body of the President was on its way to Washington, Bethesda Naval Hospital made preparations to receive it. The trio doctors chosen to do the autopsy were Commander James Humes, M.D., director of labs at the Naval ... ... condition. ...it was flattened towards its base (1552). It is not unusual for this type of bullet to see little or no damage when entering a body. One reason is, this high velocity, heavy-metal-jacket bullet loses very little velocity and does not, usually, tumble or deform when passing through a body (Artwohl 1542). Conspiracy theorists believe that the burning of Dr. Humes autopsy notes constitutes a cover-up by the government. This is not true. The reason he burned the notes was two-fold. One reason was he had stained the notes with the blood of the President, and two, the notes were to be submitted as part of the autopsy report. To have had blood on the notes, would have not been acceptable. Dr. Humes makes the point that he burned his notes only after he transcribed them verbatim to another autopsy form (Breo 2799). Many conspiracy theorists are self-colored in believing that the assassination was a cover-up concocted by the military, the Central Intelligence Agency (C.I.A.), the F.B.I., the Secret Service, and other government agencies to disguise medical evidence that the President was publicly executed in Dealey Plaza by more than one gunman (Artwohl 1540).

My Philosophy of Education :: Teaching Education Essays

My Philosophy of EducationThere are many ways to educate, express or unveil k nowledge to a student. The students education greatly depends on the educators philosophy of education. This ideological viewpoint appears to be the one true constant that could be a detrimental development influence in the classroom, no matter what curriculum is designed for the student. The students of today possess distinct and different qualities and beliefs that educators are now realizing and learning to adapt to in the classroom. If educators cannot get beyond the boundaries of social class, religion, race, creed, gender, sex, disability or cultural background, then our focus has turned too heavily upon differences and the labeling of students as special needs or underachiever, thus forming harsh pre-expectations toward students in the classroom. In my school environment everyone will be treated on an equal acting field. This atmosphere between student and teacher will enable the education process t o direct itself in a positive manner sufficiently comer the overall goal, which is intimacy through personal achievement and reason enlightenment. As an educator, I realize that my philosophy of education is portrayed not only in my actions within the classroom, but also in my overall character as an individual. I moldiness, therefore, reflect a positive attitude in the classroom nidus on the importance of humanity, multiculturalism and the teaching of the Language Arts. Every student has the individual right to an education and it is my duty to insure that each student has the opportunity to motion his or her educational rights in my classroom. As an educator, I must be on the cutting edge of new technology and teaching methods, so I may be prepared to offer my students a broad spectrum of learning related to their global environment. Learning is an infinite process, which I as an educator must acknowledge and portray in my classroom. I hope to help develop and form camaraderie in my classroom, which will create relationships of honesty and integrity with my students, vainglorious them an inviting avenue of communication with me and with their peers. More importantly, my classroom will offer my students a learning sanctuary, which will provide them an environment to expand their knowledge and understand the world and themselves.

?The Wreck of the Hesperus? and The Perfect Storm :: essays research papers

The More Powerful Sea Disaster StorySome of the most intriguing stories of straightaway are virtually peoples adventures at sea and the thrill and treachery of living through its perilous storms and disasters. Two truly popular selections ab proscribed the sea and its terrors are The Perfect Storm by Sebastian Junger and The Wreck of the evening star by Henry Longfellow. Comparison between the two works determines that The Wreck of the Hesperus tells a more powerful sea-disaster reputation for several various reasons. The poem is more descriptive and suspenseful than The Perfect Storm, and it also plays on a very powerful tool to captivate the readers emotion. These key aspects combine to give the reader something tangible that allows them to relate to the story being told and affects them strongly. A ordinary persons knowledge about sea disasters comes from what they have read in books and articles, and what they see on TV and in movies. The average person does not get to exp erience the fury of a hurri coffin naile while on a boat. In order to capture the audiences attention, consideration to details and smart descriptions are needed to paint a realistic picture in their minds. For this reason, the stories have to provide all of the intricate details. In The Perfect Storm, the story starts out with a radio call, not a dramatic scene that immediately foreshadows the possibility of danger. Rather than describing the storm and its fury, the only mention of the setting is of the visibility and the tallness of waves. However, in The Wreck of the Hesperus, the poem begins by stating there is a hurricane possible right away. The current weather conditions are pointed out to the reader as shown in the following quote.Colder and louder blew the wind,A gale from the Northeast,The snow fell hissing in the brine,And the billows frothed like yeast.(Longfellow 125)The realistic adjectives paint a picture that the average person can relate to and understand. As show n from the word choice in The Perfect Storm, the poem is easily seen to evoke more powerful imagery. One quality a story needs to possess in order to keep the reader eager and captivated to read is suspense. Both stories have elements of suspense, but utilize it in different ways. The Wreck of the Hesperus does an excellent job of foreshadowing, so one can predict the sequence of events that will happen.

Steroids, Illegal or Not, a Quick Fix for Some Athletes :: essays research papers fc

Issues of cheating or winning at any cost, are becoming more and more common among athletes of all ages and levels of ability. The put on of steroids is one of the biggest issues in the current debate weather or not it is fair for drug-free athletes to have to compete with athletes that break the law and take nefarious steroids. Allowing those with an unfair advantage to compete can pressure drug-free athletes to single-valued function anabolic steroids to remain competitive. In fact, some legal analysts have viewed this issue as a reason for an anabolic Steroid Control Act, but does the Anabolic Steroid Control Act work? Whether providing criminal penalties for illegal steroid use is the proper and most effective way of dealing with the "steroid problem" has been debated for quite some time, but the Control Act has been found to deter trafficking, protects untried people, and preserves fair competition in sports.      The following exert is from an e ditorial by M.G. Di Pasquale concerning drugs and sports. Contrary to what most people believe (the medias irresponsible sensationalism has resulted in the widely held mistaken view that the use by athletes of anabolic steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs is a problem on par with heroin and cocaine abuse), the use of drugs, much(prenominal) as anabolic steroids, by athletes is a problem, not because of the addictive and dangerous side-effects of these compounds, but because these drugs offer an unfair advantage to the athletes who dont use them.     Anabolic steroids were developed in Europe around 1930 to treat undernourished and healing patients after surgery. Anabolic steroids are a drug containing hormones which can be employ to increase strength and promote muscle growth. Competitive weightlifters began using these steroids around the 1950s as a way to increase their athletic performance and don an upper hand on the rest of their competitors. Af ter its initial use in bodybuilding the drug spread like wildfire thought the rest of the sports world, ranging from sports in high school to professional athletes in the Olympic Games.     The use of anabolic steroids has been on the rise in the last ten years. It has been estimated that at least 1 in 15 male, high school sports athletes have used steroids, which means more than a half-million high school athletes have used steroids. On the network site, www.steroidabuse.org, an article states There has been recent evidence suggesting that steroid abuse among adolescents is on the rise.

Steroids, Illegal or Not, a Quick Fix for Some Athletes :: essays research papers fc

Issues of cheating or winning at any cost, are becoming more(prenominal) and more common among athletes of all ages and levels of ability. The use of steroids is one of the biggest issues in the current debate weather or not it is fair for drug-free athletes to have to repugn with athletes that break the law and take illegal steroids. Allowing those with an unfair favour to compete can pressure drug-free athletes to use anabolic steroids to remain competitive. In fact, nearly legal analysts have viewed this issue as a reason for an Anabolic Steroid take hold Act, but does the Anabolic Steroid Control Act wrench? Whether providing criminal penalties for illegal steroid use is the proper and most effective room of dealing with the "steroid problem" has been debated for quite some time, but the Control Act has been found to deter trafficking, protects young hoi polloi, and preserves fair competition in sports.      The following exert is from an edit orial by M.G. Di Pasquale concerning drugs and sports. Contrary to what most people believe (the medias irresponsible sensationalism has resulted in the widely held mistaken view that the use by athletes of anabolic steroids and other performance-enhancing drugs is a problem on equation with heroin and cocaine abuse), the use of drugs, such as anabolic steroids, by athletes is a problem, not because of the addictive and dangerous side-effects of these compounds, but because these drugs offer an unfair advantage to the athletes who dont use them.     Anabolic steroids were developed in Europe around 1930 to treat undernourished and healing patients after surgery. Anabolic steroids are a drug containing hormones which can be used to increase strength and promote muscle growth. Competitive weightlifters began using these steroids around the 1950s as a way to increase their athletic performance and gain an upper hand on the rest of their competitors. After its initia l use in bodybuilding the drug interpenetrate like wildfire thought the rest of the sports world, ranging from sports in high schooling to professional athletes in the Olympic Games.     The use of anabolic steroids has been on the rise in the utmost(a) ten years. It has been estimated that at least 1 in 15 male, high school sports athletes have used steroids, which means more than a half-million high school athletes have used steroids. On the web site, www.steroidabuse.org, an article states There has been recent evidence suggesting that steroid abuse among adolescents is on the rise.

Osmosis: Potato and Blackcurrant Squash

In biology, osmosis Is defined as the diffusion of solvent molecules (usually water molecules) crosswise a semi-permeable membrane from a region of lower solute niggardliness to a region of high solute tautness. Osmosis Is of great importance In biological processes where the solvent Is water. The transport of water and other molecules across biological membranes is ssential to many processes In living organisms.The pressure exerted by the molecules of the solvent on the membrane they pass through is called osmotic pressure. Osmotic pressure is the cypher driving osmosis and is important for living organisms because It allows water and nutrients dissolved in water to pass through cadre membranes. There are three types of condition that Involves osmosis which Is hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic. In a hypotonic ascendant, the water will move into the kiosk due to the popside of the cellphone having a lower solute closeness than the inside of the ell.When an wolf cell Is pl aced In a hypotonic surrounding (lower solute soaking up), the water molecules will move into the cell ca development the cell to burst and haemolysed. When name cell Is placed In a hypotonic origin, water molecules diffuse into the cell and the plant cells remain turgid because the cell wall prevents bursting. In a hypertonic solution, water will move knocked out(p)side of the cell due to the outside of the cell is having a higher solute stringency than the Inside of the cell.When an animal cell, a tearing blood cells is exposed to a hypertonic surrounding (higher olute ducking) the water will leave the cell ca exploitation the cell to shrink and it Is said to undergoes crenation. If a plant cell is placed in a hypertonic surrounding, the cell wall can non prevent the cell from losing water as the water moves out from the cells. It results in cell shrinking, plasmolysis gives (cell becoming flaccid), In an isotonic solution, there is no net movement of water as the interior and exterior environment of the cell Is having the same solute concentration.RESEARCH motility How does the dfferent concentration of blackcurrant squash solution affects the ercentage deviate in ken of chipped white potatoes after being immersed in solution for 15 legal proceeding? HYPOTHESIS The higher the concentration of blackcurrant squash solution, the lower the concentration of the solution getting bigger, water inside of the cells will move outside the cell and this is called hypertonic. The movement of water diffuse out of the cell causes the size of the potato to decrease and shrinking in size to crenate.VARIABLES TYPE OF VARIABLES VARIABLES UNIT WAYS TO CONTROL INDEPENDENT Concentration of blackcurrant squash solution Use different concentration of blackcurrant squash solution which is 0%, 20%, 40%, 0%, and 100%. DEPENDENT Percentage miscellanea in destiny of chipped potatoes Weigh the potato using a weighing balance to get the initial mass. Then, immersed the pot atoes in the different concentration of the solution for 15 minutes. Find the terminal mass to get the average mass. Calculate the pct using the formula XIOO% CONTROLLED 1 . Volume of solution cm3 Use 30 cm3 of solution for each change state resistance measured by measuring cylinder. . Type of potato Use the same type of potato 3. Time taken to immersed the potato in the solution min Fixed the time taken for the potato to be immersed in the solution as 15 minutes by sing a stopwatch. 4. Temperature parcel out the experiment in the same room using a thermometer. 5. Initial length of the potato chips cm each. Table 1 Table of variables and method to controls it. MATERIALS AND apparatus MATERIALS APPARATUS 1. Blackcurrant squash at a concentration of 556 g dm-3 , 100 cm3 2. Distilled water, 100 crn3 3. Large baking potatoes 1. Boiling metro, 6 2. White tile, 6 3.Ruler, 1 4. Scalpel, 1 5. Measuring cylinder, 50 cm3 6. Cork borers, 1 7. Weighing balance, 1 Table 2 Table of Material s and Apparatus METHODOLOGY PROCEDURE 1. boiling tube is prepared and labelled as A, B, C, D, E and F. 2. 30 cm3 of distilled water is measured using a measuring cylinder and poured into test tube A. For test tube A, volume of blackcurrant squash is O cm3. For the rest of other test tubes, the volume of blackcurrant squash and volume of distilled water is measured as shown in column 4 and 5 in the table respectively using a measuring cylinder. 3.The potato is cut up using a cork borer fashioning it into small pieces to fit in the boiling tube. The potato skin is cut off and trimmed. 4. The potato chips are dried on a towel paper. . The potato chips are weighed using a weighing balance and the mass is recorded in a table as initial mass. 6. The chips are placed in the blackcurrant squash solution and leave it for 15 minutes. 7. Make sure the solution covered the chips completely so that the process of osmosis can occur efficiently. 8. After 15 minutes, the chips are taken out and dr ied using a paper towel. 9.The potato chips are weighed using a weighing balance and the final mass is recorded in a table. 10. The change in mass of potato chips and the percentage change in mass of potato chips are calculated. 11. Steps 2 10 are repeated 3 times. 12. The chart of concentration of blackcurrant squash solution against percentage change in mass is plotted.Graph above shows that as the concentration of the solution increases, the percentage change in mass of the potato will decreases. This is because at the highest concentration, less amount of water is present in the solution than the concentration of the sucrose. Based on the raph above, we can see that the graph of concentration of blackcurrant squash solution against percentages changes in mass is inversely proportional to each other. The percentage change in mass is constant throughout the experiment as the slope or the steepness of the graph wasnt extreme and it decreases in a consistent manner. 3.At 0%, the p ercentage change in mass is in a positive value showing a hypotonic condition save as the concentration increases to 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100%, the percentage change in mass has become a negative value. This shows that it is in a hypertonic condition. 4. As we can see on the graph, at 0% the lowest concentration it gives the highest value of percentage change in mass of 7. 60%. In this situation, hypotonic occurs as the concentration of water outside the potato chips is higher than inside the cell. Hypotonic solution is a solution with a lower solute concentration but high water concentration.This causes the movement of water to diffuse into the sap of potato cells following the concentration gradient. The rate of water moves inside the cell is higher than the water moves outside the cell and this result to the increase of size of the potato. The potato cell had become turgid and firm. 5. While, at the highest concentration 100%, the percentage change in mass is -33. 30 is the lo west value. In this situation, the potato cells are in hypertonic solution which is a solution with a higher solute concentration but lower concentration of water.Thus, water will move outside of the cell to the solution following the concentration gradient. The rate of water moves outside the cell is higher than the water moves inside the cell. As a result, the cell shrinks in sizes and become plasmolysed due to the water loss inside the cell. 6. At 20%, the graph loping downwards is showing a negative percentage changes in mass due to the difference than the 0%. But at 40%, the difference of percentage change in mass is bigger than the previous one with a value of -23. 20%.This is because as the concentration is getting higher, the water will moves out more than it will moves into the cells. At 60%, the percentage change in mass is -28. 00%. At 80%, the value is -31. 40% and the difference with 100% is quite small. 7. The standard deviation is calculated and it is shown in the gr aph as phantasm bars. The error bars in the graph is small and cannot be seen clearly. Based on the results, he error bars show that the data that had been collected is reliable as it is very small and it indicates less variable and closer to the mean.The little the error bars gives you the more reliable data and accurate results. Limitation and Suggestions LIMITATIONS SUGGESTIONS 1 . When we do the dilution for the solution, the blackcurrant squash and the distilled water might not mix well. The apparatus we use here is measuring cylinder which cannot be turn height down to get the homogenous mixture. Volumetric flask can be used to replace measuring cylinder as it is the best apparatus to get the accurate esult. It has the most fixed values and it definitely can be turned upside down in order to mix the solution well. . The initial length of potato chips to be cut before we put it into the solution is measured using a measuring cylinder. This could affect the result because m easuring cylinder has a big dubiousness which is 0. 05cm. Instead, we can use vernier calliper that has a smaller irresolution which is 0. 01 cm. This could give better and accurate result. 3. The volume of blackcurrant squash solution is measured using a measuring cylinder that has a bigger uncertainty of 1. cm and this could affect the result to be less accurate. To improve the results obtained, burette is used to replaced measuring cylinder as it has much more smaller uncertainty of 0. 05cm 4. The time for the potatoes left to immerse in the solution is too short which is 15 minutes. Such a short time is not sufficient for the osmosis to occur efficiently. The duration of time should be longer to get the most accurate values. The potatoes should be left in the solution for at least 30 minutes so that the process of osmosis could happen efficiently giving out the best results. 5.When the potato chips is taken out from the solution, it must be dabbed and dried by using a paper towel to remove any unruffled from the surface before weighing it to get the final mass. But the process might not have done the same way for every potato chip as maybe more liquid is removed from one of the potato chips but not the other. We should at least try to dry the potato chips using the same paper towel and dried it carefully so all the liquid is removed of the potato chips so as the result will came out better. 6. The excess potatoes skin which wasnt taken out properly could give a or so less

Armenian Genocide †Forgotten Fire Essay

1.The author included the quote from Hitler as the epigraph because he wrote Who does now remember the Armenians out front the question and Hitlers quote answered it. The quote answers the question because only Hitler remembered the Armenians and did the same to the Jews. My ideas didnt change later reading Forgotten Fire because I already knew the story about the Armenian Genocide.2.Vahan couldnt discuss his fear with his mother because first of any, he was too scared to say a word and he wasnt confident enough to say anything. Also he was imagining things in his mind of what might have happened to his father and maybe if he told his mother, he would fail out in tears. He didnt also want to disturb his mother because his mother was very depressed when her husband left and it awaited like her aggregate wasnt there. Also, her mother would have lied to him anyway and not tell him the truth for why the Turks took his father.3.The attitude of the Armenian community changed in vari ous ways. No hotshot knew something was going to happen to them, so once allthing started everyone began to only care about themselves. Some people just didnt want to go any longer and just wanted to be shot to begin with getting tortured in any way. Also they were shocked of what the Turks had done and they started hating them. Every Turk they saw, they started to hate.4.The Kenderian family was a very wealthy family and lived a great Armenian life. The father had great honor in his community. Vahan greatly admires his father because he always followed his fathers rules and the only way he survived was staying strong and admiring what his father told him to do step by step. The memory of his father gave him a lot of heroism to survive because every time he had a hard time, he would close his eyes and imagine what his father told him and then move on.5.I was aware of the Armenian Genocide before reading the book. The only ethnic war I know of before World War 11 was the Jewish H olocaust.6.After the murder of Vahans brothers, he had a hard time. He didnt feellike himself anymore and thought that there was no point of living any longer because he knew that the soldiers would happen back and kill him also. He was in pain and couldnt stand the fact that his brothers had died, he thought everything was imaginary. After that, he stood up more and became aggravated tat he was going to survive through everything.7.After violent experiences on his journey to Constantinople, his behavior changed afterward. He witnessed many things so after a while, if he saw someone get shot or people begging for something, he did not care because it was normal to him already just because he seen it so many times. The graphic descriptions didnt disturb my reading because I knew about the Armenian Genocide before I read the book and also I saw an Armenian movie which had more details so the description in the book didnt seem so harsh.8.Vahan reveals his spiritual incertitude when all the time he prayed about someone or something he got no answer. For example he would always pray to find his family members and when he didnt, he started to doubt praying. After that, he finally found out that God really exists and he answered as many of his prayers as he could.9.Vahan knew that Selim Bey wasnt a cultivated person but the way he treated him, his first impression of Selim Bey was surprising. Vahan actually liked Selim Bey and couldnt believe he had done anything to harm the Armenians. Vahan discovers Selim Beys true nature when he sends him to his fathers house and doesnt ever visit Vahan again. Selim Bey betrayed Vahan which showed he didnt care about him.10.What Vahan means when he says I would be free an would never be free is the it was unbelievable that he was free from everything now and didnt have to worry about cover from Turkish soldiers, but then he still didnt fell free because he didnt have his family and everything he once had which made him seem l ike he had something missing in himself. I dont think there are countries that deny freedom to certain citizens based on their ethnicity.11.Mr. and Mrs. Tashian help Vahan on his journey to a new life in many ways.Vahan learned how to take care of himself and form a family of his own one day. Also, he learned how to do different types of tasks that he learned from Mr. and Mrs. Tashian. Also, they influenced him to move on and not give up which gave him the courage to continue.12.Everyone in Vahans past gave him courage to contribution to freedom in many ways. Every time Vahan was in a dark room or some place he was not sure what he can do, he would close his eyes and imagine something that someone said or did from the past which helped him move on and do what the person once told him to do. Each person gave him courage because he would imagine something each person told him to do and then he would gain more courage and confidence with his journey.13.The meaning of the tile Forgotte n Fire is the death of all the Armenians that was forgotten by the Turks.14.The quote from Hitler was related to the Armenian Genocide because the world did hence forget the extermination of people after the war. As well as the Jewish Holocaust, the extermination of humans was forgotten by everyone and never came to mind after such a cruel person such as Hitler committed such an act that was done to the Armenians. It also relates to the Armenian Genocide because Hitler tried to do the sane thing to the Jews as the Turks tried to do to the Armenians.http//www.armenian-genocide.org/Education.73/current_category.123/resourceguide_detail.html

Stoichiomety Lab

Stoichiometric Analysis Formal Lab Report I. Purpose- The purpose of this lab is to show stoiciometric reactions and relationships first hand. It also increases our level of understanding roughly the complicated relationships in chemical reactions and in stoichiometry. II. Introduction- In chemical reactions and formulas there are various relationships between masses of reactants and products. The study of these relationships is called stoichiometry which is derived from the Greek words stoichein consequence element and metron meaning notice.Stoichiometry is helpful in predicting startcomes of reactions or finding out missing parts in reactions. It can also help you rule unknown compounds. III. Methods- Add a small sample of MnO2 to a dry test tube. Find the mass of this by zeroing a beaker on a ordered series and placing the tube inside. Place about 2. 00 g of KCLOx into the test tube. Record the new mass, and mix the two reactants. Put in test tube clamp at a 45 degree angle. Heat the mixture for about 5 minutes. Allow to cool. Record the new mass.Repeat these steps with the KCLOx/KCLO mixture. IV. Results- KCLOx 1. 19. 78 g 2. 21. 88 g 3. 2. 10 g 4. 21. 12 g 5. 1. 34 g KCL 6. .66 g O2 7. .017 mol KCL 8. .041 mol O2 9. KCLO3 10. 2 KCLO3 ( 2 KCL + 3 O2 KCL/ KCLOx 1. 23. 79 g 2. 25. 83 g 3. 2. 04 g 4. 25. 38 g 5. 1. 59 g KCL 6. .45 g O2 7. .014 mol O2 8. .009 mol KCLOx 9. 1. 10 g KCLOx 10. .539 % KCLOx in mixture V. Conclusion- This lab showed us how stoichiometry can be used in a real situation to find something out. I think that the purpose of the lab was reached.It was helpful in beef up my understanding of stoichiometry by using critical thinking to solve a problem. There was plenty of room for error. The results could be thrown off if the error is in any case great. Technique was needed in making sure the entire sample was reacted and keeping all of it in the test tube. VI. Questions- 1. The definition of stoichiometry has roots meaning measure and element. In the first reaction you are trying to find the number or measure of an element that is present in a unknown quantity. . d 3. Ion charges arent a problem in determining mathematical relationships because the anion in the compound will have the same charge regardless of how many Os are present. 4. The heating process is the same in both reactions because we want the level of decomposition to be consistent. With a different heating mode the decomposition could vary and throw off the calculations. 5. The student could be asked to calculate the theoretical yield and compare/ calculate it to the actual yield to find out their error.

Characteristics of English Advertising

Characteristics of English Advertising 2. Definition of advertising As with any aspect of language contact phenomena, explore on CS is plagued by the thorny issue of terminological confusion. Many linguists consider. (Romaine, 1994) Not all researchers use the same terms in the same way, nor do they agree on the dirt covered by terms such as . 2. 2 Classification of English advertising Research on has recently been the subject of considerable debate. 2. 2. 1 Attitudes Should in foreign language classroom settings will be mentioned with a critical perspective. 2. 2. 3 TwoAfter discussing what have been done on the issue of worldwide, the following breach now turn briefly to two pieces of research into the issue in China. 3 Translation of English Advertising Based on the above research questions, two prior constructs were assumed f Thereafter, the paper will discuss the findings and their pedagogic implications. 3. 1 Principles 3. 1. 1 English translation 32 teachers ( half of EFL Chinese teachers in Hubei University of Technology), 10 of whom are teaching English major and 22 of them teaching College English to non-English big league. . 1. 2 English translation 100 English majors (EM students) and 100 non-English majors (CE students) were selected respectively. 3. 2 Translation techniques Then, the discussion of the oppugn questions was transcribed and the field notes and transcripts were analyzed to flesh out major patterns in the teachers in the classroom. 4 Translation of English Advertising Based on the above research questions, two prior constructs were assumed f Thereafter, the paper will discuss the findings and their pedagogical implications. . 1 English translation 4. 1. 1 English translation 32 teachers ( half of EFL Chinese teachers in Hubei University of Technology), 10 of whom are teaching English majors and 22 of them teaching College English to non-English majors. 4. 1. 2 English translation 100 English majors (EM students) and 100 non-Engl ish majors (CE students) were selected respectively. 4. 2 Translation techniques Then, the discussion of the interview questions was transcribed and the field

Personal and Professional Challenges Matrix Worksheet Essay

Use the following matrix to describe three person-to-person and three professional challenges. For each challenge, describe time and stress management techniques along with personal development resources that may help a nurse exceed these challenges.Personal Challenge clock time Management TechniqueStress Management TechniquePersonal maturation ResourcesExample Balancing work and family responsibilitiesUse a calendar or organizer to plan my schedule.Take regular family vacations.Family counseling and self-help booksNew development with technology is a bit harder for me to grasp. Write notes to stick on refrigerator, use daily calendars, and books. Post reminder notes on my bathroom wall. Take walks in the park two times per week. Talk to family out of the country erstwhile per week. Perform Yoga exercises twice per week, 30 minutes each time. Read more positive books, listen to professionals speakers, read nursing journals. Will join the ANA group and nigh different organization s after I acquired my BSN next year. Due to school schedules and personal obligations, I am not able to take my regular vacations like I used to. Complete tasks in advanceStudy at least three hours per day.Will try to take at least two short circuit vacations three days per month. Spa treatments once per month.Attend workshops at the University of Phoenix. Read more materials in order to improve my grammar skills. Overload of work and school prevents me from getting the proper amount of sleep. Complete small portions of assignments each day. Request educational leave in advance when a large assignment is due. Reward myself when I receive a good grade on an assignment by spending time at the movies with my three year old grandson. Find shipway to become a better speaker. Communicate more with instructors and classmates.Professional ChallengeTime Management TechniqueStress Management TechniqueProfessional Development ResourcesExample Keeping up-to-date with changing standardsPlan ti me to review professional journals.Join a professional organization.Professional organization and professional journals come in the specific organization and list the website. Speeches and presentationsListen to and learn from professional speakers. Take baby steps to improve. Practice once or twice per week. Do plentiful breathing techniques before giving a speech. Eat balanced meals, no caffeine. Attend lectures on how to give a good speech and stay riveted. Time and money for continuing education.Work extra shifts when school is closed on holidays to pay for classes. Dont procrastinate, meet with study groups as scheduled. Continue to focus on the things that makes me happy. Attend social events. Stay away from negative people.Find resources to help with finances such as Scholarships, Grants, and Financial Aids.Obtain Bachelors degreeSet aside time to study, schedule monthly goals. Help to build on each differents strengths and learn from each others experiences within the t eam. Set up work out exercise regimen, eat well and get enough rest as possible. Attend family outings/gatherings. imagine positive at all times that I can achieve my BSN degree. Meet with advisors and professors in order to stay on track with grades. Use webinars to interrogation on various topics. Read motivational books.

Trade Deficit

tack shortfall and Current Account Deficit Name of the Writer Name of the Institution Trade Deficit and Current Account Deficit Critically examine this statement, Current Account Deficits do not believem to matter anymore the US$ appears to perch unaffected by escalating US avocation deficits, by reference to the Balance of Payments Approach to exchange rate determination The address deficit of the US is at exorbitantly high levels. Many economists suggest that depreciating the US dollar would help put a squeeze on united States enthusiasm for globally produced goods.Since this move of derogation would inherently curb the exaggerated mo costs that the US so loves to incur. Furthermore, these three critical factors essentially would help limit the import prices incurred by US due to the trend of advance demands that has permeated in the societal culture * The practice of using USD for US trade invoicing * Exporters concerns on market component dynamics, and * The outrageous US distribution costs. $759 billion is the aggregated US trade deficit in 2006. This is six percent of the actual nominal GDP of the country.One of the biggest causative factors is the impasse of plethora of imported goods from foreign lands. In the perspective of numerous investigators and policymakers, dollar depreciation remains a crux system for tending to this export-import imbalance and restoring the worldwide competitiveness of American producers. Indeed in principle, a weaker dollar might as well raise the expense of various merchandise for U. S. consumers, in this manner diminishing U. S. mandate for imports in the meantime that it helps gather interest by foreign nations for U. S. products by making the countrys exports increasingly cost-focused abroad.My investigation uncovers that dollar depreciation is unrealistic to shut the exchange crevice courageously. To make sure, remote request for U. S. exports may as well develop, as speculation predicts. Since basically al l U. S. exports to different nations are invoiced in dollars, remote buyers will determine an instantaneous profit from dollar depreciation as the expense of their buys decreases in varying foreign currencies. Notwithstanding, the measure out of outside imports for U. S. consumers will be impressively increasingly versatile to conversion standard updates.Exchange invoicing practices, it is contended, donate altogether to the lack of care of import costs to trade rates. Since very nearly the sum of the products that the United States imports, for instance those it exports, are invoiced in dollars, the costs of foreign made merchandise remain settled for a speckleedness when trade rates change. Also, even in the longer termover, state, the year emulating dollar depreciationthe craving of outside makers to remain focused in the Brobdingnagian U. S. business sector might lead them to oppose expanding the dollar value of their products.Beyond any doubt, the atypically towering showca sing and appropriation takes added to imports once they drop in the United Statesfetches designated in dollarsfurther isolate the last utilization value of foreign made merchandise from conversion scale updates. The American President stated that The surmount way to, deal with the trade deficit is to make sure that America is the best place in the world to do business Examine this quite a little that promoting growth is more effective than direct targeting of the trade deficit USA is a diverse country with numerous of its regions continuously producing high growth, innovative companies.These companies wipe out risen above the economic downturn that hit the global economy in the start of the 21st century. Rather with surprise, the diverse US states boast much(prenominal) companies not only distributed in the locales of Silicon Valley and Boston but rather in most of its states. End of 2012 saw a sharp declivity in the trade deficit of the US. In this period, oil imports drastic ally reduced whereas exports annex sharply. This essentially iterates that the shrinking trade gap, has improved on the governments estimated growth and trade deficit levels.Furthermore, the levels reached in the closing months of 2012 indicate towards levels that bedevil not been observed in the last three years. This is a positive inducement. exporting of US products saw rise in oil exports and other petroleum based-product exports. Further, aircraft sales and agricultural good sales also demonstrated positive increment. conglomerate economists believe that this is a very encouraging sign. Though, economists have stated that the essential focus of the US treasury should be to enhance growth in the country, and vicarious considerations should be accordn to the trade deficit.This assertion is based on the belief that reinvigorating the business systems of the country would deplete the rising gap between the socio economic classes of the country. Furthermore, individualist fam ilies would be given financial stability and long term sustainability. It also has to state that the narrowed gap between imports and exports, i. e. the trade deficit, essentially iterate that US corporations earn extra then their foreign counterparts. Furthermore, domestic consumption of foreign goods is also less in comparison.It is expected that the companies are not piling up their inventories this indirectly suggests that curbing expenses including cuts in defence spending would help in keeping a positively skewed growth rate in the incoming months. These events would see an additional negative pressure on the trade deficit that has started to show signs of decrease. As such economists are of the view that trade will be favourably impacted in 2013. These forecasts are dependent on premises that iterate that the EU debt crisis will finally show some features of stabilizing.This would further give a positive boost to the US exports. Moreover, economic growth witnessed in Asia wo uld also positively impact the growth potential of the US. One of the biggest negatives for US is the rising trade deficit between China and the US. This trade deficit climbed to a spectacular 300 billion mark in 2012. This would be the biggest pressure point on the growth prospects of the US economy. Economists have confronted this issue by attacking the economic policies of China, specifically the countrys practices to artificially peg their currency at far lower levels, than is required.This assertion is made with the logic that such an economic move by China would essentially lower the costs of its exports in the US. UK trade statistics show similar trends to the US situation. Review the suggestion of b) above for the UK situation UK trade statistics show similar trends of that of US i. e. ever-increasing trade deficits and curbing growth prospects. wedded these circumstances and the global economic turmoil that hit the global economies in the early years of the millennia, it i s disappointing to even follow the growth prospects of the World, let completely the UK.Britains trade deficit also demonstrates a serious picture of disappointment. Economic chiefs of the country suggest that the super competitive currency i. e. the British punt Sterling can be the glimmer of hope in this dismal economic prospect. This is because the currency is almost a quarter below the pre financial crisis levels. In 2008, December reports indicated that the nations deficit consumed after trade sharply rose to 14 billion pounds. One of the biggest factors of this deficit jump is attributed to magnified increase in aircraft import costs.Given these factors, it juxtaposes a truly saddening prospect for the country. Economists who eagerly made plans to rebalance the economic prospects of the economy, by cashing on the decline in pounds value to feed increases through and through export based growth. BoE has thus decided to restrict any particular changes to the interest rates. Th is was due to suggestions that raising the rates would cause pound to appreciate, thus frustrating the trade prospects, negatively. Nonetheless, declining GBP has not appeased the concerns of above targeted and persistent economic inflation, as well as higher than necessary import prices.Current UK growth prospects and outlook suggests that the region would see improvements, although the road to recovery would be filled with bumps and slowness. Outlook prospects also indicate that consumer spending would be positively impacted. Furthermore, squeezes on real incomes would also subside, slowly. These are thoughts that do not cross the normal household. As such they remain scared, and cautious towards excessive spending. This is keeping a tap on growth. UK economy does not have the support of infrastructure of commerce that is established in the US.As such the economy is overfilled, without vacuum, and without much chances of astronomical growth. Additionally, close associations with a debt ridden EU has also kept pressures on growth. Though, it is accepted that growth in the nation is the biggest policy to be looked for, economic wise. Moreover, trade deficit should be given a secondary consideration. References Smith, David (2011) Trade Deficit Sunday Times The Balance of Payments and Macroeconomic Policy in an Open Economy Book Chapter

Environmental Science and Policy Essay

The occurrence of rapid economic and political changes could be traced from the post-era of industrial revolution. These changes have brought advert to the environment wherein emerging industrial progress and remarkable growth of existence has acquired significant economic resourcing relating to the function of the ecosystem. On the other hand, the accompanying trends in the advancement of science and technologies have conquered the law of natural sciences.The expansion of factories, development of industrial machineries and increasing numbers of vehicles has brought in the looming make of job contamination and other pollutants. Likewise, the consumptive and inefficient utilization of environment depletes the natural habitation of flora and fauna, from which the ecosystem becomes fragile and the forces of Mother Nature unsymmetrically collide. Today, Global Warming is a potential catastrophe that threatens the earth and all its inhabitants. Such a dapple depicts the poem of the Founder of Evolutionary Economics, Kenneth Ewart Bouldings (1910-1993), as citedThe world is finite, resources are scarce, Things are bad and entrust be worse, Coal is burned and gas exploded, Forests out and soil eroded, Wells are dry and oxygenise polluted, Dust is blowing, trees are uprooted, Oil is going, ores depleted, Drains receive what is excreted, Land is sinking, seas are rising, Man is far too enterprising, Fires give rage with man to fan it, Soon we will have a plundered planet (Boulding,1993 in Edugreen Poems, 2008). The health hazard and death toll related to carriage contaminant is extremely alarming specifically in most highly populated and highly industrialized countries.Thus, the issue on sort pollution is recognized as a critical sociological, economic and geological problem that is tried to be somewhat addressed by people and governments worldwide. This paper will objectively examine the extent and scope of several(a) governmental and non-governmen tal responses on environmental science and policy issues relating to the evolution of the United States jolly pedigree morsel, and the make or impacts of its subsequent amendments towards achieving national and global importance in enacting policies to mitigate piece of cake pollution and towards the security measure and preservation of the global environment.Methodology This paper adopts a three-prong method of study, such as (1) a refresh of literature relating to the unclothe Air Act, (2) discussion of policy issues affecting its implementation, and (3) situational analysis to evaluate the national impact. What is Clean Air Act? According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA), the Clean Air Act (CAA) has been amended in 1970 as an ambitious national campaign to maintain healthy and quality pains by controlling air pollution.With the 1970 amendment to CAA, many US-based industries criticized the CAAs implementation due expensive compliance. To cite , the American businesses in a number of ways are forced to control air pollution through end-of-pipe methods that oblige pollution and implement preventative measures that limit the quantity of pollutants, in which the cost of compliance with Clean Air Act regulations can be expensive (US-EPA, 2008). However, the Clean Air Act has been enacted to basically reduce air pollution.Based on the report of Business Week Magazine (2008), CAA implementation contributes to the decrease of significant amounts of air pollutants in the US at about 30% from the period of 1970 to 1995, in spite of the US population growth of 28% of that period. Literature Review Brief historical background The problems on air pollution have long been an issue way back from the time of King Edward I of England in 1306 (American meteorologic Society, 1999). As further cited from the American Meteorological Society (1999), King Edward issued a proclamation banning the employment of sea coal in London due to the sm oke it caused.On the succeeding centuries, Great Britain perpetually pursued the anti-pollution campaign on its first trial to air pollution controlling in pelf and Cincinnati during its US occupation, in which it legislated the Clean Air Policy of 1881. After the British-American war, the Clean Air Policy of 1881 was pick out by the US and enforced by its federal government agencies, specifically the Bureau of Mines of the Department of the inside(prenominal) which established the Office of Air befoulment.In the 1940s, the tragedy caused by a deadly smog in Los Angeles and Donora, Pennsylvania elevated the alarm of the residents of affected areas which called the US Congress to pass the Air Pollution mince Act of 1955, which was the first clean air and air quality control acts that is still in effect and being continuously revised and amended (American Meteorological Society, 1999). Historical amendments to the Clean Air Act as a state policyA timeline on the amendments to t he Clean Air Act is herein cited from the electronic journal of the American Meteorological Society (1999) in order to fully discuss the historical and chronological basis of its evolution as a state policy, as follows In 1955, the local governments problems on air pollution has triggered the federal government to address the issue at a national level in which Congress passed the Air Pollution Control Act of 1955 as a result of the deadly smog tragedy in Donora, Pennsylvania that accounted the deaths of 20 people and hundreds of casualties from airborne diseases.In 1963, Congress passed the nations Clean Air Act of 1963 to reduce air pollution by setting emission standards for stationary sources such as power plants and steel mills. It did not take into account mobile sources of air pollution which had become the largest source of many dangerous pollutants.In 1970, the issue on inadequate laws in enacting the Clean Air Act of 1963 has been amended by the Clean Air Act of 1970 as a m ajor(ip) modification which emphasized challenging principles, such as the establishment of primary and secondary principles for setting air quality, minimize emissions from factories and vehicles as to be enacted by the state and federal government, and increased funds for air pollution research and development. Congress did not amend the Clean Air Act during the 1980s because of President Reagans prioritization of economic policies above environmental actions.In 1990, the long phase of idleness of the federal government has realised the need to modify the Clean Air Act of 1970. The amendment has enacted the Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 that focuses on 5 key areas of implementation, such as (1) air-quality standards, (2) motor vehicle emissions and alternative fuels, (3) toxic air pollutants, (4) acid rain, and (5) stratospheric ozone depletion. The Pollution Prevention Act of 1990 (as amended) envisioned a recovery of gaps of regulatory policies and empowered the functions of government agencies and the implementations of their policies.

Mt435 Unit 3 Assignment

Introduction interview One Based on the nurture presented in the scenario/case study discuss millstone Anchors competitiveness in affinity to (please address all items in the below list and provide support for your conclusions) 1. Cost a) Cost of output To understand the cost of production we must first understand what two costs atomic number 18 valuable to order on what arse make a company gain or lose profit. rootage we look at Variable cost which depends on what materials and labor atomic number 18 needed for the company and in this case it is anchors which can transfigure with the volume of anchors that is produced (Russell & Taylor, 2011).The fixed costs atomic number 18 those that do non vary with output and typically in rents, deprecation, insurance, answer-up cost and normal profit (economicsonline. co. uk). flash-frozen costs are unremarkably known as your overheads. When it comes to Albatross Anchor and the manufacturing of its anchor we can see that the f ixed cost are down because they chose to manufacture in house. Looking at the cost we can see that the cost of manufacturing mushrooms/ campana anchors are $8. 00 per pound and $11. 00 per pound for the snag hook anchors.One has to understand that Albatross sells their products are the same commit as their competitors and their product are made primarily for fresh water which can be a disadvantage. Another disadvantage that I noticed is that all of their produces are made in house which make believe their cost as well. When it comes to shipping they only direct two means which is shipping ( outsizedr freight ships) and truck shipping. Although there profit margin may at times be less than 35% we too have to think if they operating efficiently and everything that maybe dissembleed if the manufacturing, shipping or receiving lines go down. ) Economies of scurf in material purchasing A company that achieves Economies of Scales lower the average cost per unit by means of incre ased production since fixed costs are shared over an increased number of goods (Andexer, 2008). When more than units of a good or a service can be produced on a larger scale, yet with (on average) less input costs, economies of scale (ES) are said to be achieved. Alternatively, this means that as a company grows and production units increase, a company entrust have a better chance to falloff its costs (Investopedia. com).One has to ask that if, Albatross Anchors is producing anchors in small batches how are they able to meet the economies of scale? To be honest we can state they are not. Although the company itself has grown from 4 to 130 people the company output/manufacturing has not causing the cost of output to drop. c) Cost of Raw Materials Sitting raging in the Warehouse Raw materials can be classified as direct or indirect materials. reign materials are raw materials that can be physically and directly associated with the finished product (simplestudies. com).With that b eing say if the raw materials are sitting idle in the warehouse then that will affect the overhead. This may also affect the shipping/receiving departments along with the storage space that is available. d) Cost of Finished Goods Sitting Idle in the Warehouse With both finished and raw materials sitting idle one has to ask how often of increase in cost is because of the storage is the company taking. Many products at Albatross Anchor are not shipped out until they proven to efficient. 2. Speed of manufacturing abut from order to finished product.Although it may seem that repayable to limited amount of anchors that are made are produced the manufacturing of the product would be efficient and effective. But from the moving-picture show and all of the reading I would have to say that due to the types of machines that is need for distributively anchor that f number and quality maybe affect at times. There are different types of machines that are needed for separately anchor alon g with make sure that employees are trained well to run the machines. With that being state between having to change each machine/product line it may slow the process of making each product. 3.Flexibility in filling order(s). When it comes to the flexibility of filling order Albatross only sells their anchors at sell price and it is mainly to companies and not the general consumer/public. Another factor to divvy up is the expressive style the building is set up along with the limited amount of space that is available in the warehouse between each department. Many items depending on the size and quantity can take weeks in order to fill that crabbed order. 4. Technology. When it comes to our current world and as much technology that is used one may think that they would have found a way to put it use within heir company but that is not the case. Albatross Anchors only tend to changes as they go along causing them to fall behind when it comes to technology. The machines are olde r which has me wondering about the added cost that it may cause to keep them going. 5. Capacity and facilities. After reviewing the tv set I see that their facilities are in poor conditions making it harder for many to work that type of environment. The administrative office have no space/order to them along with their shipping or receiving department alter how the company flows on a daily bases.Not having enough space along with clean, organized facilities can affect the produce and output of a company. 6. Service to customers. Albatross Anchors only sell to wholesalers not unfeignedly having a relationship to their consumers. Because many of products are sold by distribution companies or OEM companies usually have large orders one may not know the real service that is being provided. Another factor to consider is that they sell their products at the same rate as their competitors so there is never any real discount creating a larger client base.I would suggest opening the doors to other consumers to help broaden the market. Question Two There are many ways that mushroom/bell anchors may be manufactured. Albatross Anchor is considering two new manufacturing processes (Process A and Process B) to reduce costs. Analysis of the information below will help determine which process has the lowest breakeven point (this validates the process is more cost effective). For each process the following fixed costs and variable costs are identified below Anchor and ProcessProcess AProcess BSale price per anchor$45. 00$45. 00 Total Fixed cost $ 650,000. 00$950,000. 00 Variable cost per anchor$ 36. 00$ 29. 99 Based on the information in the table above complete the table below Anchor and ProcessProcess AProcess B (a) Fixed costs per anchor 650000950000 (b) The total number of anchors to attain breakeven point for Process A and Process B 72,22263,291. 14 (c) Based on your calculations which Process (A or B) that you would recommend for adoption (you can select only one). Pl ease make sure to explain how you arrived at your conclusion.Personally since the breakeven point of the two has been careful I would have to recommend using process B because of the cost and the amount that has are produced. at heart a company we all have to think about what is going to be profitable in the end and that is another reason why I went with Process B. Conclusion Albatross Anchor is a family business that started off with only four people and it grew to 130. This company has came along way and have the probable to grow even bigger it they can deliver product quality and also using or so of the newer technology that is available to them.I would also suggest that they expand their market and client base along with renovating/expanding the manufacturing company. along with improving their manufacturing departments they also need have the administrative office in a space that is viable and more organized. Within every business there needs to be a plan, structure and a means of delivering the best quality of service that is out there and this company has a long way to go. References Cost of Production. (n. d) Retrieved March 17, 2013 from http//www. economicsonline. co. uk/Business_economics/Costs. hypertext markup language Andexer, T. 2008). Analysis and Evaluation of Market Entry Modes Into the Asia-Pacific Region. Retrieved March 17, 2013 from books. google. com/books? isbn=3640144074 Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing cost, (n. d) Retrieved March 16, 2013 from http//simplestudies. com/manufacturing-nonmanufacturing-costs. html/page/4 What are Economies of Scale? (Smith & Marshall, 2009) Retrieved March 17, 2013 from http//www. investopedia. com/articles/03/012703. asp Russell, R. Taylor, B. (2011). Operations Management Creating Value along the Supply Chain, 7th Edition. Hoboken, New Jersey John Wiley and Sons

Media Influence on Students

chel arens use of media is interact almostly in the family (cf. Bryant, 1990). telecasting is an essential bankrupt of family life. Viewing occurs mainly with other(a) family members, especially for vernal pincerren. For instance, in one longitudinal study, more than 70% of the time that 3- to 7-year- doddering kidren spent watching general interview programming occurred with a parent (St. Peters, Fitch, Huston, Wright, Eakins, 1991). Moreover, television habits are formed early. The amount of television viewed is manywhat persistent from age 3 onward, probably because it depends on family patterns that do not change readily (Huston, Wright, Rice, Kerkman, St. Peters, 1990).The process of breeding is composite and multifaceted. The nestling should negotiate a series of vital tasks as he or she grows. The child must protect a sense of attachment to buzz off, father, and family (Bowlby, 1988). Then the child must move through the phases of separation and individuation (Mahler, Pine, Bergman, 1975). Here, the baby begins to move toward organism a soulfulness (i.e., toward developing an internalized world of notion, emotion, and sagacity that will facilitate the baby to be autonomous and self-regulating). From there, the child must start to deal with his or her issues of sexual identity, competition, power, and insertion in the group, elements that Freud (1933/ 1964) termed the Oedipal phase.The relationship between unconscious mind fantasy and the growth of the personality brook be lowstood from the followingThe growth of the personality occurs with the maturation of the perceptual apparatus, of memory as hearty as from the hoarded experience and learning from reality. This process of learning from reality is connected with the development and changes in unconscious fantasy. There is a constant fight with the childs invincible fantasies and the encounter of realities, good and bad. (Segal, 1991, p. 26)It is also been asserted by experts tha t media is somewhat unethical for children.Television with its extreme reaching influence spreads transversely the globe. Its most signifi sack upt part is that of reporting the impertinents and sustaining communication linking people around the world. Televisions most prominent, yet most stern own is its shows for recreation. Violence in pastime is a main issue in the growth of violence in society, Violence is the exploit of ones powers to mete out mental or physical injury upon another, and exemplars of this would be go against or murder. Violence in entertainment attains the public through television, movies, plays, and novels.On July 26, 2000, officers of the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Psychiatric Association, the American Psychological Association, the American Academy of Family Physicians, and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry issued a Joint Statement on the bear on of Entertainment Violence on Chi ldren, which was subsequently endorsed by both houses of the United States Congress.At this time, well over 1,000 studiesincluding reports from the Surgeon Generals office, the National fetch of Mental Health, and numerous studies conducted by leading figures within our medical and public health organizationsour own members expressOverwhelmingly to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children. The conclusion of the public health community, based on over thirty years of research, is that viewing entertainment violence can lead to increases in aggressive attitudes, values, and behavior, particularly in children. (Joint Statement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children, Congressional usual Health Summit, July 26, 2000).The effect of entertainment violence on children is complex and variable. Some children will be affected more than others. But while duration, intensity, and extent of the interlocking whitethorn vary, there are se veral measurable negative effects of childrens exposure to violent entertainment. We in no way mean to imply that entertainment violence is the sole, or even inescapably the most important factor contributing to youth aggression, anti-social attitudes, and violence. Nor are we advocating restrictions on creative activity.The map of this document is descriptive, not prescriptive we seek to lay out a clear picture of the morbid effects of entertainment violence. But we do hope that by articulating and releasing the consensus of the public health community, we may encourage greater public and parental awareness of the harms of violent entertainment, and encourage a more unsophisticated dialogue almost what can be done to enhance the health and well-being of Americas children (Joint Statement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children, Congressional Public Health Summit, July 26, 2000). parvenu interactive digital media have become an integral part of childrens lives. Near ly half (48%) of children six and under have use a computer (31% of 0-3 year-olds and 70% of 4-6 year-olds). Just under a third (30%) has played video games (14% of 0-3 year-olds and 50% of 4-6 year-olds). Even the youngest children those under two are widely exposed to electronic media. Forty-three percent of those under two watches TV every day and 26% have a TV in their sleeping room (the American Academy of Pediatrics urge parents to avoid television for children under 2 years old). In any given day, two-thirds (68%) of children under two will use a screen media, for an average out of just over two hours (205). (PR Newswire 10/28/2003)Moreover, children at elementary level constantly struggle between fantasy and reality can be seen in the childs deep ambivalence concerning accepting the struggle between whats real and whats made up. The child frequently attempts to obliterate differences, particularly those existing between the sexes and the generations. The child wants to be everything he or she wants to be his or her own cause, he or she wants to be unlimited. The child wants to be a boy and a girl to be his or her own father and mother to know everything without learning and so forth. One can readily see that TV (as well as movies and video games) can be experienced as a means to gain the delusion of seraphic those wishes.However, teachers and parents distinguish that fantasy and daydreams persist to play an active, at times predominant, aspect of the childs development all through his or her formative years. In many cases, it is not until early adolescence that we see children able to assimilate their fantasies with acute thought in a way that make certain that external reality takes an increasing hold off over perception, reasoning, and behavior. Although many more years are required before the child matures into a person who adeptly and constantly discriminates the internal from the external in a usually integrated fashion. It is this slow an d accruing process of thought and fantasy being integrated with the resultant increase in the growth of the personality that seems to undergo the most inhibition when the consumption of media images becomes extreme or defensive.Childrens animated surveys show how outer, media-based images mimic the form of unconscious fantasy. The cartoon is a psychologically charged, exciting portrayal of fantastic (animated) characters. Its form is simple An under traverse (disguised child) comes into conflict with others (the top dog = parents or older children). There is danger, threat of destruction or death that is conquering in a magical and effortless fashion where pleasure and laughter are the outcome.The Coyote wants to eat the Roadrunner Elmer Fudd wants to horse around Daffy Duck. Throughout complex and irrational activities, the victim triumphs over the villain. Furthermore, there are no real consequences legal tender to the use of immense aggression and force. Magically, all charact ers reappear in the next cartoon and the cycle of conflict and decree, pleasing the childs wish to overcome limitation and smallness, is repeated once more.Further, teacher in classroom can develop the childs ability to be creative, to construct a transitional space (Winnicott, 1978) within which to form new blends of inner and outer, is inhibited to the degree that the childs mind is saturated with media-based images, characters, stories, and inspiration. The child must transform the raw stuff of both his or her inner and outer world in a pleasing synthesis in order to feel truly knowledgeable and in charge of his or her existence.The passivity by-product of TV viewing leads to a restraint of autonomous inspiration and produces what teachers are seeing more and more anxious, irritable, angry, and demanding children who are unable to play and who demand to be entertained in a mode that approximates their experience of TV viewing.The use of drugs and alcohol utilize the same mechani sms as TV to achieve their psychological effects. As the nerve center users body and mind are chemically altered, deep unconscious fantasies of security, charisma, power, or limitlessness are activated. Hence, Winn (1985) was completed in describing TV as the plug-in drug as the use of TV to fend off depression, anxiety, and conflict is identical in its function to that of drugs and alcohol.The faction of instant gratification can be seen to plea to the usual wish to be the satisfied infant sucking at the breast a mere cry, the ease up and the bliss of satisfied sleep. The reality is unfortunately much more difficult, for what we see are increasing meter of frustrated, angry, and uncooperative children, experiencing their wishes as demands, and their hopes as entitlements.However, learning is fundamentally based on more about how to pass away effectively with children on the subject of coping with the intimidating aspects of their environment. It is significant to recognize th at some level of hero-worship is suitable and indeed may be important to survival in certain situations. On the other hand, overburdening children with fears of horrendous disasters that are either unavoidable or highly unlikely to threaten them personally may add undue stress to the procedure of growing up.Because television is one of childrens main sources of information about the world, we need to be capable to make reasoned decisions about what to expose our children to and when. We also require being able to explain crucial features of life to them in an age-appropriate way that preserves their youthful optimism while support necessary and suitable precautions.Work CitedBowlby J. (1988). A secure base Clinical applications of attachment theory. London Rutledge.Bryant J. (Ed.). (1990). Television and the American family. Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Freud S. (1964). New introductory lectures on psychoanalysis (standard edition, 22). London Hogarth Press. (Origina l work published in 1933) Huston A. C., Wright J. C., Rice M. L., Rerkman D., & St. M. Peters ( 1990). The development of television viewing patterns in early childhood A longitudinal probe. Developmental Psychology, 26, 409-420. Joint Statement on the Impact of Entertainment Violence on Children, Congressional Public Health Summit, July 26, 2000. Also Available At http//www.aap.org/advocacy/releases/jstmtevc.htm Mahler M., Pine F., & Bergman A. (1975). The psychological birth of the human infant. New York Basic Books. New Study Finds Children Age Zero to Six Spend as Much clipping With TV, Computers and Video Games as Playing Outside One in Four Children Under Two make a TV in Their Bedroom. WASHINGTON, PR Newswire 10/28/2003 Also Available at http//www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m4PRN/2003_Oct_28/109334573/p1/article.jhtml Segal H. (1991). Dream, thaumaturgy and art. London Tavistock/Routledge. St. M. Peters, Fitch M., Huston A. C., & Wright J. C., & Eakins D. (1991). Television and families What do young children watch with their parents? Child Development, 62, 1409-1423. Winn M. (1985). The plug-in drug Television, children and the family. New York Penguin Books.

Rome’s Decline

Test Essay October 3, 2012 distrust What were the main factors in Romes decline? Which do you judge as the most strategic? Why? When we hear the word Rome, a very definite picture comes to mind. We see a toilsome military conquering a vast majority of the ancient Mediterranean world, Julius Caesar sitting on his throne, star Rome to newer heights each day, and the highest, most innovative new technology being put to utilise as Rome grows stronger and stronger. Rome was a very successful civilization, as it lasted from 100 BC to 476 AD.For a 200 year span, called the Pax Romana, trade, entertainment, the economy, and overall satisfaction increased. This was a time of peace. Unfortunately, because of numerous misfortunes such as power struggles, inflation, military rebellions, and foreign invasions, even the mighty Roman civilization came to an end. Power struggle was a major conflict of Rome. After the Pax Romana, whose last king was Marcus Aurelius, emperors were continuously o verthrown and killed.This was such an issue, that during one lambert year period, 26 emperors ruled and either resigned or were murdered. Out of those 26, only one died of a inseparable death. Because of the constant change of rulers, the kings lost the support of the citizens, since the emperors they were loyal to did not remain in power. The collapse in politics was the first step to the fall of Rome. The economic decline was the second step to the fall of Rome. macroscopic taxes were put in place to support and fund the military due to corruptness.Because of this, a heavy freight was placed upon businessmen and farmers. With the majority of their income going to the large taxes, farmers were financially struggling. They could no longer afford their land, so they were forced to leave and work for large landowners. Money gradually started losing its value, and inflation occurred. The third step in the Roman decline was the military rebellions. Because of the constant change in emperors, different groups in the military matte loyal to different rulers.This caused the military split and often rebel against each other. The military became so gelded and disorderly that emperors began to hire mercenaries. The final step in Romes decline was the foreign invasions from Germanic Tribes. Great Britain, Spain, and France were the first of the Roman territories to be surrendered. Rome itself was shortly after, and it was apparent that the largest and most powerful conglomerate in the world at the time had come to an end. Rome was no more.

Government Agencies

a. Definition of the let out term Special government agencies for international trade include the World backup Organization (WTO), the normality American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), and the European Union (EU) just to name a few. some(prenominal) countries created the WTO to monitor all the trade around the en cloy world while the NAFTA and the EU where created on to a greater extent(prenominal) of a regional level for promoting trade in those areas. The U. S. Department of Commerce developed the International Trade Administration (ITA) in order to stimulate economic opportunities for U. S. usinesses and their employees (Satterlee, 2009). b. Summary In his article, Get-Tough Policy on Chinese Tires Falls Flat, John Bussey sheds some light on to the tariff that the U. S. enacted in 2009 on Chinese tire imports. The tariff was meant to limit the import of passenger and light-truck tires and help give a boost to manufacturers and job initiation in the U. S. As many of the oppone nts of the tariff point out, it has not added any substantial amount of jobs in the industry but has instead lead to higher prices due to the price of the tariff world passed pot to the consumer.In the first year the number of imports from mainland China dropped nearly 35% but in reality it didnt increase manufacturing here in the U. S. , instead the business moved to Indonesia, Thailand, and Mexico. One tire shop possessor argues that prices pass on also increased for the U. S. made tire as well due to those manufacturers using the spoil of the tariff to raise their prices across the board. c. Discussion The U. S. International Trade Commission agreed with the complaint against China that was filed by the United Steelworkers union and recommended the tariff.The ITC was created to help stimulate economic opportunities for U. S. businesses which I am sure that they felt they were doing when they enacted this tariff but it has not worked and needs to be carefully thought thru be fore any extension. The prices of the tires have increased and no substantial amount of jobs has been added that can be tied back to the enactment of the tariff. The tires being imported from China were primarily lower-cost tires and U. S. manufacturers tend to focus more the higher-profit tires that dont directly struggle with the imports from China.Why try to block the trade of something that is not directly competing with the bulk of your business anyway? Some pot are always going to want to buy cheaper things and blocking it does not make them want the more expensive thing. The consumer will look for something else similar in price and if you do not provide it in that price range they will find it somewhere else just as they did in Indonesia, Thailand, and Mexico. d. References Satterlee, B. (2009). Cross throttle Commerce. Roanoke Synergistics Inc. Bussey, J. 2012, January 20). Get-Tough Policy on Chinese Tires Falls Flat. Retrieved January 31, 2012, from The Wall Street Jou rnal http//online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052970204301404577171130489514146. html In His article, John Bussey discusses the tariff enacted by the U. S. International Trade Commission on the import of Chinese tires into the U. S. He helps us to understand the intention of the trade tariff, why it does not seem to be working and why the ITC has a big decision to make whether or not to extend it.

A New Intervention to Reduce Anhedonia in Schizophrenia

Meta-analyses of cognitive expressional therapy for positive omens of schizophrenia turn out demonstrated its effectiveness in reducing hallucinations or delusions. In schizophrenia negative symptoms refer to a reduction of normal functioning, and it encompasses apathy, anhedonia, flat effect, avolition, tender withdrawal, and, some sequences, psychomotor retardation. The purpose of this probe is the idea that Anhedonia is a challenging symptom of schizophrenia and remains largely recalcitrant to current pharmacologic treatments.The goal of this exploratory pilot study was to judge if a cognitive-sensory noise could im enkindle antecedent frolic. Results face that the uncomplainings improved on the anticipatory scale of the temporary Experience of Pleasure Scale. Daily activities of the patients were to a fault attachd. In nursing research, it has been shown that the sense of mastery is negatively cor colligate with negative symptoms or even with the fact of be left alone. Two research questions were addressed in a sample of cardinal participants. Does cognitive-sensory training in anticipatory pas while in persons with schizophrenia?Does cognitive-sensory training in anticipatory pas epoch lead to an increase in the number and complexity of nonchalant activities performed by persons with schizophrenia? They did not expect that anticipatory cheer cognitive skills training would directly improve consummatory entertainment. If persons with schizophrenia show a deficit in their power to anticipate pleasure rather than consummatory pleasure, then it becomes possible to consider cognitive training king dish these individuals anticipate pleasure from foreseeable, future activities.I tonicity the author did a unspoilt job utilise literature to support their predictions and I was convinced by their argument. The author riding habitd well supporting concepts to prove their points as they discussed theories about Anticipatory Pleasure Skills Training A New Intervention to Reduce Anhedonia in dementia praecox. I particularly liked the idea that they did a some(prenominal) year comprehensive program including aggressive participation treatment, social skills training, and multifamily therapy groups that led to signifi piletly less positive and negative symptoms, less comorbid substance buse, and significantly vaster satisfaction with treatment. The author thought a more specific and symptom-centered approach because they felt it cleverness lead to specific improvement in a shorter period of time. This symptom-specific strategy has been used in early(a) studies for positive symptoms, allowing the development of successful specific therapeutic techniques. The case studies haveed in this hold highlight the use of this specific symptom approach for Anhedonia. Anhedonia has been defined as a reduction in the ability to feel pleasure. It has been regarded as a core clinical feature of schizophrenia.Research has pro duced a paradoxical set of findings, heave questions about its nature. Individuals with schizophrenia typically report experiencing lower levels of pleasure in their daily lives than non-patients on self-report amounts of trait social and physical Anhedonia. Anticipatory pleasure is linked to motivational processes that promote goal-directed behaviors consummatory pleasure is associated with satiety. The Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale is a trait measure of pleasure that distinguishes between momentary pleasure and anticipation of future pleasure activities. The illumination of a new way of conceptualizing Anhedonia in schizophrenia permits redefinition and standardisation of the symptom complex as a tar shake up for treatment. If persons with schizophrenia show a deficit in their ability to anticipate pleasure rather than consummatory pleasure, then it becomes possible to consider that cognitive training might help these individuals anticipate pleasure from foreseeable, f uture activities. Greater ability to anticipate pleasure would lead to a meaningful increase in spontaneous daily activities performed.Five participants were included in this pilot study. The participants were recruited from the tied(p) clinical practices of the authors. The first and second authors were working in a mobile team of a community psychiatry outpatient service. The different members of this team worked as clinical case managers and were specialized in gentle difficult-to-reach patients in a comprehensive recovery program including therapeutic, occupational, and vocational services. The third author was working in a nursing home for psychiatric patients.The intervention was proposed to the patient when Anhedonia was reported as a challenging behavior impeding improvement in the c be of the patient. To be included, participants had to be on a moderate window glass of maintenance antipsychotic medication, with stable dosage for at least the past 3 months, and not be suf fering from a major depression ( shoot less than 12 on the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia CDSS). As the intervention was delivered in the routine c ar, write informed consent to use the gathered info was obtained retrospectively for patients 1, 2, and 3.The internal review board of the nursing home approved the study, and patients 4 and 5 signed the informed consent form forrader their participation in the study. The participants were four men and one woman. any participants met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition, Text Revision) criteria for schizophrenia (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Diagnosis was obtained at the referral time with discussion with the referring psychiatrist. player 1 left school by the age of 16 and had no besides education or training.He had been housebound for 3 years except during acute somatic or psychiatric c be. Participants 2 and 3 were working part time in competitive employment. Participants 1 and 2 lived at home with their parents participant 3 lived alone in her own apartment. Participants 4 and 5 had been institutionalise in a nursing home for 14 years and 30 years, respectively, and did not work. Participants 1, 4, and 5 had a history of alcohol abuse. Participant 1 used cannabis when champs visited him at home. The intervention is a cognitive-sensory intervention that aims at increasing anticipatory pleasure.Participants are trained in state of relaxation to anticipate pleasure from potential enjoyable activities and to get the sensation of the pleasure in their bodies. The different steps of the program are described beneath. 1. Building the rationale for the intervention. The rationale is built by asking questions to participants in order to conflagrate the importance of being able to anticipate pleasure from future activities, and the links between desire and motivation. Examples of these questions are How do you prompt yourself to engage in activities?What makes an exercise more or less sweet? What are your criteria to assess if the effort to engage in an activity is worthwhile? 2. List of pleasant activities. The healer and the patient will list past enjoyable activities that the person would like to resume, actual activities that the person would like to increase, and fiction activities associated with new roles that the person would like to assume. For example, a participant who wants to be closer to his/her sister could engage in the activity of preparing a dinner for his/her sister and her boyfriend. . Classifying activities according to their fuss. These listed activities are then classified according to the hassle and complexity of the task. The classification is done from easy-to-do to difficult-to-do. Examples of simple activities are (a) going to the corner of the street and having a kebab, (b) taking a walk with a good friend, (c) taking a shower, etc. Complex activities related to social or professional roles are spl it in smaller reachable units before engaging in a more challenging activity.For example, going to the stadium to support ones favorite hockey team could be split in a more achievable goal much(prenominal) as inviting a friend to watch ones team on TV if going to a crowded sports arena is an obstacle to engaging in the activity. 4. Anticipating pleasure. During the first sessions, the therapist uses standardized material to teach the anticipatory skills. The material is composed of attractive picture-viewing activities much(prenominal) as biting an appetizing apple, drinking a frothy coffee presented in a lovely cup, or walking in a beautiful park.In subsequent sessions, the training focuses on the activities listed with the patient. At the beginning of each session, as patients may be contaminated by co-occurring unpleasant emotions (Horan, Green, Kring, & Nuechterlein, 2006), the therapist will start with a mindfulness or relaxation exercise to help the patient be in a comforta ble, pleasant emotional state. Then, the patient is asked to venture doing the chosen activity. The therapist guides the patient to imagine the sensations linked to the activity through the senses involved (sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste).The patient is invited to remember past positive experiences of the activity (e. g. , call up that you are smelling the odor of the best kebab you have ever eaten . . . Feel the smell of the broiled meat in your nose . . . Concentrate on this odor . . . Try to feel it as vividly as possible). The patient is asked to anticipate pleasant emotions (e. g. , Feel the sensations associated with the joy of being with your friend . . . You told me that this friend is funny story . . . Imagine the sensations that go with laughing. Scan your body and remember how it is to laugh . . . ).According to the anticipated activity, the patient may be guided to anticipate the feeling of accomplishment (e. g. , Feel the contentment of getting out of the s hower. . . How is it to feel clean and fresh? Try to get this feeling fully . . . Anticipate the sensation of reward. . . How is it? ). If the patient shows difficulty in imagining sensations and feelings, pictures can be presented. Patients have to assess their desire to perform the activity on a 5-point scale before and after each exercise. 5. Prescribing homework exercises. As participants develop anticipatory pleasure skills, the therapist prescribes homework exercises.After participants accomplish single activities in daily living, more difficult activities are trained. Participant 1 received 10 hours of training at home, aimed at giving him the desire to go outside. Participants 2 and 3 received, respectively, 25 hours and 20 hours of training at the therapists office. Participants 4 and 5 received 11 sessions of 1. 5 hours of training each in a hebdomadly group session. Instruments The therapists have administrated the puppets as clinical tools to assess anticipatory and con summatory pleasure, time calculate, negative symptoms, and depression.The TEPS. The TEPS measures momentary pleasure and pleasure in anticipation of future activities. It is an 18-item self-report measure of trait, and anticipatory (10 items) and consummatory (8 items) pleasure (Gard et al. , 2006). The validation of the French version of the TEPS shows psychometric characteristics similar to the original version (Favrod et al. , 2009) with a satisfactory internal and external validity. The mean theoretical range of the two scales goes from 1 to 6 higher(prenominal) scores indicate more pleasure. The scale was administrated in pretests and posttests.The Time Budget Measure The measure unquestionable by Jolley et al. (2005, 2006) takes the form of a weekly diary completed retrospectively during a structured audience with the participant. In completing the measure, interviewers probe for activities, degree of independence in activities, and number and nature of social contacts. They also check that the week is a typical or average week, and, if not, complete the time budget on a different occasion to assess an average week. Each day is divided into four time blocks (morning, lunchtime, afternoon, evening).Each time period or block is then rated from 0 to 4 as below 0 = nothing lying, thinking, sleeping, sitting, etc. , 1 = predominantly passive activity (e. g. , watching TV, listening to the radio), 2 = an independent activity requiring some planning and motivation, but relatively simple or brief (e. g. , a walk to the local shops to get cigarettes, tidying room, washing up, preparing a simple meal for oneself), 3 = several two-rated activities tout ensemble filling a time period, sounding busy, or a more complex and demanding, but uniform or shorter activity (e. g. a visit involving public transport, prolonged social contact with others), and 4 = time period filled with a variety of demanding independent activities requiring significant motivation and plan ning, and with some variation in tasks (e. g. , work, a course of study, a trip out requiring organization). When more than one activity is present, the highest scoring activity is rated. There are 28 time blocks for the week, and the total possible score ranges from 0 to 112. The time budget was not used for the patients in the nursing home because the time-budget of these patients depended on the institutional routine.The week assessed should be a typical or average week, and if not, the time budget is completed in relation to a week chosen to be more representative. Time budget has a satisfactory criterion and construct validity, and shows good inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability (Jolley et al. , 2005, 2006). In the present study, the participants were interviewed on their time budget starting from the day before the assessment meeting until 7 days before this meeting. The time budget was assessed in pretests and posttests.The CDSS. The CDSS was used to assess dep ressive symptoms (Addington, Addington, Maticka-Tyndale, & Joyce, 1992). The CDSS is a largely formalize interview-based measure that has been shown to assess depression rather than positive, negative, or extrapyramidal symptoms (Addington, Addington, & Maticka-Tyndale, 1993, 1994 Addington et al. , 1992). The scale is validated in French (Lan?on, Auquier, Reine, Bernard, & Toumi, 2000 Lan?on, Auquier, Reine, Toumi, & Addington, 1999). The CDSS was administrated in pretest only to assess the severity of depression.Depression defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition, Text Revision) criteria for major depressive episode corresponds to a mean score of 11. 8 (standard deviation SD = 3. 8) on the CDSS (Kim et al. , 2006). The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms Anhedonia/ Asociality. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) assesses fin symptom complexes to obtain clinical ratings of negative symptoms in patients with s chizophrenia. They are affective blunting, alogia (impoverished thinking), avolition/apathy, anhedonia /asociality, and disturbance of attention.The final symptom complexes seem to have less obvious relevance to negative symptoms compared with the other four complexes. Assessments are conducted on a 6-point scale (0 = not at all to 5 = severe Andreasen, 1989). The SANS is a valid instrument (Peralta & Cuesta, 1995) however, interrater reliability is reduced when clinicians use it in comparison to highly trained research assistants (Norman, Malia, Cortese, & Diaz, 1996). In the present study, only the anhedonia /asociality scale of the SANS was administrated in the pretest to assess the severity of Anhedonia.I feel the researchers can test their predictions utilise these methods because of what lengths they went to in presenting their techniques. They incorporated a lot of various useful ideas when testing their participants. Many angles were used to go into full expand in what ste ps were taken to evaluate each participant in this study. The authors I feel gave a very detail analysis of each step that was taken as to not leave out any variables in each case scenario. A cognitive-sensory training package steering on anticipating future pleasant feelings about performing activities appears to improve anticipatory pleasure as deliberate by the TEPS.The high RCI indicates that the posttest scores of the anticipatory pleasure scale are reflecting important change for the five participants. These results, although preliminary, are very interesting because Anhedonia remains a particularly challenging symptom. Our second question related to whether an increase in anticipatory pleasure would be accompanied by an increase in daily activities. Concurrently, change in anticipatory pleasure, as measured by the scale, was accompanied by an increase in activity for the three participants for whom it was possible to fulfill the time budget.Participant 4 had been ritually v isiting his drive once a week for years before training. At the end of the training, the nursing home team observed that the patient had added in every week a new spontaneous activity such as going to town to do shopping, planning a little trip, or spontaneously organizing an appointment with the hairdresser outside of the nursing home. Participant 5 had been accomplishing five household chores a day for many years and did not change his program at the end of the training. The participant had been institutionalized for a great part of his life.In previous work, we found a significant negative correlation between anticipatory pleasure and the avolition/apathy of the SANS (Favrod et al. , 2009). This correlation was lower than the one with the Anhedonia/asociality scale of the SANS, indicating a weaker link between these two variables. Apathy and avolition are probably associated with anticipatory pleasure. However, several other variables may affect activity and willingness, such a s planning skills, motor skills, reinforcements provided by the environment, etc.The results indicated that the training did not seem to improve consummatory pleasure as a outgrowth of an increase in anticipatory pleasure. The lack of follow-up assessment did not allow observation of an eventual delay for improvement in consummatory pleasure as a consequence of improvement of anticipatory pleasure and engagement in new activities. Another explanation could be that both kinds of pleasure have some independence between them. Anticipatory pleasure is linked to motivational processes and consummatory pleasure with satiety processes. I feel the researchers did a very good job in describing every detail of their research.My reaction to this article is that I think Pleasure Skills Training can really help battalion with schizophrenia if done properly over an extended period of time under the right conditions. I as well sense that the article does contribute something interesting and impo rtant to the field. Individuals with schizophrenia already have a hard enough time in life and to go on living without experiencing a sense of pleasure is disheartening. This study shows that people living with schizophrenia if trained with the right circumstances can eventually learn how to experience pleasure.I felt this article was presented well and easy to read with what was presented. dismissal through this article it was clear where each step was and what was going on. The authors used wording appropriate to this article without using too much technical jargon where it was not needed. The readability for me was quite familiar because I have had to do assignments like this before. I think when any author presents an empirical article to the man where others besides advanced Psychologists read it they indeed try and make it easily readable so that their ideas presented get across in the best way possible.